Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #41

Chau Suet Yi  11321095 

Supervisor: Dr. TSE Choi Yeung, Andy 

Title: Effect of exercise on mental health 

Abstract

Regular exercise has been shown to have significant positive effects on mental health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that engaging in exercise can improve mood, reduce symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, enhance cognitive function, and promote overall mental well-being. The mechanisms underlying these effects include the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and the promotion of neuroplasticity. However, there is limited research regarding the 18-30 age group. This research provides an overview of  the relationship between exercising and mental health, highlighting the various ways in which physical activity can benefit psychological well-being. An online survey will be conducted to collect participants' information. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle as a means of promoting mental well-being and underscores the need for further research to explore the specific types, durations, and intensities of exercise that yield the greatest benefits for different populations and mental health conditions.

Keywords: Exercise, Mental health, Well- being

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #21

Cheng On Sum 11331428 

Supervisor: Dr. ZHENG Chen 

Title: Examining the acute effect of bilateral, unilateral and combined plyometric warm up exercises on acceleration explosiveness 

Abstract

Purposes: This study compared the effectiveness of adding bilateral, unilateral and combined plyometric warm up exercises on acceleration explosiveness. Plyometric exercises are commonly used by athletes and trainers to build power and explosiveness. Plyometrics are commonly incorporated into athletic training programs due to their effectiveness for enhancing performance. Methodology: 15 secondary school athletes will be randomly assigned to three groups: Group A, Group B and Group C. Each group of students will need to perform both Bilateral Plyometrics Warm up (BP), Unilateral Plyometrics Warm up (UP) and Combined Plyometrics Warm up (CP). The BP group will perform plyometric warm exercises using both legs simultaneously, such as double-leg hops and frog jumps. The UP group will perform the warm up exercises using one leg at a time, e.g. single-leg box hops and cone hops. The CP group will perform the warm up exercises with both double leg and single leg. All groups underwent regular track and field training. Acceleration explosiveness will be measured before the addition of plyometric warm up (Pre-test) and after the addition of plyometric warm up (Post-test). The test includes the standing long jump test, vertical jump test and 40m sprint test. Results: Significant difference in improvement of acceleration explosiveness after adding the bilateral, unilateral and combined plyometric warm up exercise was found. An improvement of the 40m sprint was found in the unilateral warm up approach while an improvement of standing long jump and high jump was found in the bilateral warm up approach. Combined warm up approach has resulted in both 40m sprinting and standing long jump and high jump.   Conclusion: In conclusion, Combined approach of plyometrics warm up was found to be a more effective way for improvement of acceleration but further research is needed.

Keywords: Plyometric warm up, Explosiveness, 40m sprint

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #17

Cheung Fong Lin  11321344 

Supervisor: Dr. SUN Fenghua, Bob 

Title: Compare the effects of consuming high Glycemic Index(GI) and low GI food on athletes’ muscle strength performances.

Abstract

Purposes: This research is to investigate the effects of consuming high GI and low GI food on physiological changes and further compare their effectiveness on elevating athletes’ muscle strength performances. Methodology: 6 male and 6 female college students in age between 18-23 who have constant sports training at an occasion of at least 3 times a week and at least 2 hours per each training were recruited as participants. They were all be constantly consuming carbohydrates in their diets (exception: vegan and ketogenic diet user) to minimize the physiological differences between participants. Through the research, the blood lactate concentration (BLa) was tested before and after consumption of high and low GI foods respectively. After two hours of digestion, They conducted tests of standing long jump and 30m sprint each after intake foods of high and low GI level and the results(30m sprint: time; standing long jump: metre)were recorded. Results: The results demonstrate that most participants performed better in tests of muscle strength (30m sprint and standing long jump) after consumption of  high glycemic index(GI) foods instead of low GI foods, while little participants had the opposite results of having greater performances after consumption of low GI foods. Conclusion: In conclusion, most athletes have better performances in tests of muscle strength after consumption of high GI foods. However, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding,  further research is needed.

Keywords: Muscle strength, High GI, Low GI, Blood lactate level 

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #13

CHEUNG WAI KI  11329401 

Supervisor: Dr. Chow Chi Ching, Gary 

Title: The Comparison of Some Physical and Physiological Features of Elite Youth and Amateur Basketball Players in Hong Kong  

Abstract

Successful athletes are better at performing efficiently than amateur players. The anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of players can both influence their performance on the Court. However, there is limited research comparing the differences in abilities among female basketball players especially in Hong Kong. Purposes: The aim of this study is to compare anthropometric characteristics and physical performance in young women players of two different competitive levels. Methodology: Twenty female basketball players participated in this study. The sample was divided into two groups: elite division in the Hong Kong First Division Basketball League (23.1y ± 1.64) and the amateur division in The University Sports Federation of Hong Kong’s Basketball Competition (22.3y ± 1.18). They participated in the following tests in this study: (a) anthropometric characteristics including height, weight, BMI, and body fat mass and muscle mass, (b) physical performance including countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, lane agility, bench press and back squat. Results: In the comparison of anthropometric and physical performance variables between groups, the mean of countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, lane agility, bench press and back squat of the elite group were measured 54.44cm ± 4.70, 3.323s ± 0.20, 13.007s ± 0.24, 31.3kg ± 5.46 and 81.1kg ± 19.76 respectively. The mean of the above field tests of amateur group were measured 45.6cm ± 5.84, 3.764s ± 0.25, 13.955s ± 0.47, 26.25kg ± 4.81 and 69.2kg ± 14.30 respectively. The elite group showed significantly difference compared to the amateur group. Conclusion: Superior physical characteristics and performance measures observed in elite young female basketball players in Hong Kong compared to amateur players. The findings from this study can be utilized to enhance and tailor training programs for amateur female basketball players, optimizing their development and performance.

Keywords: Basketball, Field testing, Elite

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #14

HAU HOI CHUN  11331492 

Supervisor: Dr. LOUIE Hung Tak, Lobo 

Title: IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON ADOLESCENT SKILLS-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS 

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent development heavily relies on sleep, which significantly impacts their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Adolescents are commonly perceived as being susceptible to experiencing diminished sleep quantity and quality. Research indicates that those who frequently experience sleep deprivation are at a higher risk of developing musculoskeletal and sports-related injuries (Gao et al., 2019). The primary purpose of this research is to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on the performance of skills-related physical fitness in individuals aged 13 to 19. The collection of data pertaining to the sleep duration, sleep patterns, and wake patterns of adolescents, as well as the potential impact of sleep deprivation on their performance, will be undertaken. The obtained data will be analysed to determine if there is a correlation between skills-related physical fitness performance and sleep deprivation, as well as to compare the duration of sleep between students and student athletes. A comparison will be made between the sleep and wake patterns of student athletes and non-athletes. The findings of this study will elucidate the importance of sleep in the development of adolescents and highlight the potential drawbacks of sleep deprivation. Purposes: This study aims to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on the physical fitness performance of teens aged 13-19, specifically in relation to abilities. Methodology employed in this study will involve a pre-test and post-test experimental design. The research will encompass a sample size of 40 individuals, with an equal distribution of student athletes (N=20) and non-student athletes (N=20). The individuals will be subjected to a pre-test and post-test design over a duration of three weeks. At the pre and post-test phases, participants will undergo skills-related fitness tests and complete the Athlete Sleep Behaviour Questionnaire (ASBQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The study will involve the random assignment of participants to either the experimental group or the control group to provide various sleep interventions. Findings: Upon comparing the outcomes of both groups, a statistically significant disparity was seen between the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group is expected to exhibit superior fitness performance compared to the control group. In conclusion, it can be inferred that sleep deprivation has a significant impact on the speed, agility, and reaction times of adolescents. Adequate sleep might enhance these characteristics.

Keywords: Sleep deprivation, Skills-related fitness, adolescent 

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #15

Ho Pak Fung  11321356  

Supervisor: Dr. TSE Choi Yeung, Andy 

Title: Drinking habit on V̇O2 max among university team sports players: A case-control study 

Abstract

Purposes: This study compared maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2 max) between heavy drinkers and abstainers among university team sports players. Drinking culture is becoming more common in college life, especially among university team sports players, where post-game drinking parties are an important element of connecting with teammates. We targeted university team sports players as they require high levels of V̇O2 max to perform when technical skills are still developing. The impact of alcohol on these attributes may significantly impact their performance. Students without drinking habits may have an opportunity to possess a higher V̇O2 max. Methodology: Eight university team sports players participated in a V̇O2 max test. They were allocated into two groups: a heavy drinking habit group and an abstainer group. Every participant wore a mask to collect breathing gasses and a heart rate monitor during the 12-minute V̇O2 max test. V̇O2 max measurements were taken as the treadmill speed was progressively brought up over a total of five stages, until the participant achieved peak exertion. Results: A significant difference in V̇O2 max was found between the heavy drinking habit group and the abstainer group. A lower V̇O2 max was observed in the heavy drinking habit group, while a higher V̇O2 max was found in the abstainer group. Conclusion: In conclusion, abstainers were found to have a higher V̇O2 max for university competition but further research is needed.

Keywords: Maximal oxygen consumption, Drinking habit, Beer, Drinking culture 

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #53

HSU HOI MING  

Supervisor: 

Title:

Abstract

TBC

Keywords:

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #37

Lau Hei Shuen 11331466 

Supervisor: Prof. CHOW Hung Kay Daniel 

Title: Effects of Task Complexity of Visuomotor Agility Training on Unanticipated Change-of-direction Reactive Agility 

Abstract

Purposes: This study aims to investigate the influence of task complexity on visuomotor agility training and its impact on unanticipated change-of-direction reactive agility. The improvement of reactive agility provides athletes with a competitive edge by enabling them to effectively respond to unexpected visual stimuli. The study further explores the significance of task-specific training and the potential transferability of training effects across various complexity levels. Methodology: A total of thirty amateur-level ball players, aged between 19 and 25, were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned to either intervention Group B or Group M. The study involved a 4-week open-skill Visuomotor Agility Training program that incorporated varying levels of task complexity. Group B received simple Bi-directional Agility Training (BDAT), while Group M underwent complex Multi-directional Agility Training (MDAT) utilizing the Blazepod Trainer Pro Kit. The pre and post-test mean reactive agility time from both intervention group were recorded for further analysis and evaluation of the effects of the training interventions. Results: Significant differences were observed between the pre-test and post-test results for the simple task reactive agility test (p < 0.001). In the complex tasks reactive agility test, both the time factor (p < 0.001) and the task complexity factor (p = 0.009) exhibited significant effects on reactive agility performance. While no significant difference was found in the pre-test reactive agility performance between the intervention groups (p = 0.82), the post-test results for complex task completion performance revealed a significant difference between intervention groups B and M (p = 0.032). Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of both simple and complex task training in enhancing simple task reactive agility. Notably, complex reactive agility training demonstrated superior outcomes in improving participants' performance in complex tasks compared to simple task training. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transferable effects associated with complex visuomotor agility training, highlighting its potential to enhance reactive agility across diverse task complexity levels. The implications of these findings for ball game players and coaches are substantial, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted and efficient agility training programs that cater to the specific needs and complexity levels of the tasks involved. 

Keywords: Reactive Agility Training, Reactive Agility Performance, Task complexity, Visuomotor Agility 

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #25

Law Cheuk Sam 11331571 

Supervisor: Dr. ZHENG Chen 

Title: Acute Effects, Affective Response And Self-Efficiency to 3 HIIT Protocols Using Dragon Boat Ergometer in Amateur or Student Dragon Boat Paddlers 

Abstract

Purpose : This study compared the acute effects, affective responses and self-efficiency to three HIIT protocols using dragon boat ergometer. Under Covid-19 dragon boat ergometer had been included into training and is becoming a common training method other than regular water training. Therefore, to promote the ergometer training into the training of amateurs and student paddlers, this study will investigate and compare the effects and effectiveness of HIIT with different work and rest ratio. Methodology : Using a randomized cross-over design, participants will undertake three HIIT on the dragon boat ergometer. Here are the three different programs respectively, HIIT Program 1: 6 minutes, work and rest ratio 1:1, each for 30 seconds, passive rest, 6 repetitions; HIIT Program 2: 6 minutes, work and rest ratio 1:1, each for 60 seconds, passive rest, 3 repetitions; HIIT Program 3: 6 minutes, work and rest ratio 1:2, 30 seconds fast paddle, 60 seconds slow paddle as active recovery, 4 repetitions. Affective response, self- efficiency and exercise preference will be assessed for every training. Results : The results match the hypothesis before starting of the study that with a longer working duration of the HIIT, the acute response of both physical and psycho-perceptual response becomes lower. Conclusion : The findings of this study revealed the responses of student paddler towards different HIIT using the dragon boat ergometer. This could help coaches to better design training programs for students using the ergometer and promote this training method to help improve competition performances other than doing regular water training and gym programs.

Keywords: Dragon boat, HIIT, Acute effects, Self-efficiency, Student paddlers

Presentation Time: 1045-1145; Poster #02

LEE Wong Kong 11321538 

Supervisor: Dr. KAM Wai Keung, Kevin 

Title: Action Research: The Effectiveness of the Sport Education Model on Cultivating Responsibility and Respect for Others in Secondary School 

Abstract

Background: The Sport Education Model (SEM) is a teaching method designed to provide authentic sport experiences in PE lesson, unlike traditional teaching that only focuses on skills development. Based on the concept of value education, very few of studies consider it into teaching outcomes with the SEM in Hong Kong and the values of the responsibility and respect for others may have strong relationship to the sport competition when students are participating in different roles, organizing the team, and interacting with teammates. Research statement: The purpose of this action research is conducting a basketball unit in total 6 lessons to investigate the effectiveness of cultivating responsibility and respect for others to secondary students with SEM by collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. Methods: During my block practice, a form (or Secondary or Grade 10) 4 class of male students (n = 40) are purposely invited from a local secondary school and PE teacher will participate in the study with my teaching. Data composed of student’s learning form, teacher’s self-review and interviews (total 8 selected students in class, each of 2 from basketball team, the first, middle and last 10 ranking of academic result in PE) will collect at the end of the teaching units. Hypothesis: Both teachers and students are positively engaging in the lessons with SEM. The development of the responsibility and respect for others may find in their satisfied with organizing a competition, including their work with participating roles, respect to teammates and building their team. Significance: The Sport Education Model may help to cultivate student’s responsibility and respect for others, that enhance the awareness of social ability and solve some of the current PE problems of passive learning, little collaboration, and empowering students in their learning. It is suggested to apply the Sport Education Model in different sports on cultivating student’s value and affective learning outcomes for PE teachers.

Keywords: Sport Education Model, Basketball, Responsibility, Respect for others

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #26

LEUNG Chi Lok 11321021 

Supervisor: Dr. Wong Hoi Wai, Henry 

Title: The Effectiveness of Kinesio-Taping on Restoring Thigh Muscle Strength and Endurance in University Squash Athletes After Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Crossover Study 

Abstract

Purposes: Kinesio-tape (KT) is widely used for joint injury prevention and relief of muscle soreness (Kirmizigil, 2019), but the efficiency of using KT tape in lower limbs recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) for squash athletes is not done in previous studies. This study investigates the effect of KT tape on thigh muscles in recovering from DOMS, muscle strength, endurance, and range of motion (ROM) in university-level squash players. Methodology: 10 males from local university squash team were selected as participants to perform 15 sets of “6-Corner” squash specialised footwork drills to induce DOMS. Participants were assigned into intervention group and placebo group in random order in this crossover study. In intervention group, KT taping inhibition technique was applied instantly after inducing DOMS exercise trilaterally on the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. For placebo group, KT tape was applied instantly after exercise without tension horizontally on vastus lateralis. 5 thigh muscle fitness test data including knee flexion ROM, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT), Leg Dynamometer and Wall Sit Test (WST) were collected at before (baseline), 30 minutes (30min), 24 hours (24hr), 48 hours (48hr), and 72 hours (72hr) after inducing DOMS. Study outcome was determined by comparing the difference of recovering muscle soreness, strength, endurance and ROM to baseline, between intervention group and placebo group. Results: 2 groups showed no significant difference in knee flexion ROM, PPT, muscle strength test and WST at any timepoint. VAS intervention group at 48 hr (p < .05) is significantly lower than placebo group. Conclusion: This study reveals that KT tape is not significant in accelerating squash players recover thigh muscle strength and endurance from DOMS. However, using KT tape as recovery tool can reduce pain from DOMS 48 hours after exercise. 

Keywords: Kinesio-tape, Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), Thigh muscles, Recovery 

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #38

Li Yu Fung 11297440 

Supervisor: Dr. Wong Ming Yu Claudia 

Title: The free throw percentage difference between introvert and extrovert’s Hong Kong A1 basketball players in various situation. 

Abstract

This study was to investigate whether with the various situations were affecting the free throw performance between introvert and extroverts’ Hong Kong A1 basketball athlete. There were 15 introvert colleagues and 15 extrovert colleagues aged 20-38 years who attempted over 20 free throws in the whole A1 basketball season. The study based on 3 situations: clutch game, unbalanced game and practice performance. By comparing the percentage changed of introvert and extrovert players in various situations, it was found that introverts colleagues were more accurate than extroverts colleagues in practice. Additionally, extroverts colleagues had a lower percentage difference between practice and both clutch and unbalanced games. The results proved that personality played a significant role in basketball free throw performance and different training methods for players who had various personalities could be a way to improve their performance. 

Keywords: 

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #54

Lo Wing Yin  11321332 

Supervisor: Dr. TSE Choi Yeung, Andy 

Title: Does using a smartphone 30 minutes before going to bed affect the university student’s quality of life

Abstract

Purpose: This study will look at how bedtime smartphone use will affect university students' daily lives. Methods: A study will be conducted to determine how smartphone use 30 minutes before sleep will affect the quality of life. There will be a total of 20 participants. The participants will be from similar backgrounds recruited from EdUHK and will average 4 hours or more of screen time per day using smartphones. Ten of whom will use a smartphone for 30 minutes before going to bed as the smartphone group, and ten who will not use their smartphone before going to bed as the control group. The intervention will last for 14 consecutive days. Results: The survey findings indicate that using a smartphone for 30 minutes before bed may negatively impact university students' quality of life. The group involved in the smartphone group before sleep shows lower sleep quality and overall lower quality of life compared to the group that abstains from smartphone use before bedtime. Conclusion: In conclusion, using a smartphone for 30 minutes before going to bed negatively affects the quality of life of university students 

Keywords: smartphone usage, quality of life, university students, sleep quality, well-being

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #27

Mok Wai Yiu 11331557 

Supervisor: Dr. ZHENG Chen 

Title: Comparing the effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Plyometric Warm Up Protocols on Key Performance Determinant in Endurance Running 

Abstract

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to compare the influence of unilateral, bilateral plyometric training or their combination on VO2max and RE in Recreational Endurance Runners. Plyometric warm up protocol is effective to elicit improvement in endurance performance through improving Running Economy (RE) by pre-activation of skeletal muscle. Some claim that unilateral plyometric warm up protocol (UPWU)  provides superior effects in endurance running performance while comparing to bilateral due to higher specificity. However, the best warm up protocol is still debatable. Methodology: Twelve recreational endurance runners (6 males, 6 females) were recruited and each of them completed four different warm up protocols in a counterbalanced crossover design. VO2max and RE were assessed during the tests. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was applied to determine the differences within and between groups in VO2max and RE. Results: Significant differences in improvement of VO2max and RE among the Unilateral Plyometric warm up protocol were found while there is no significant difference in Bilateral Plyometric Warm up protocol. Conclusion: In conclusion, Unilateral Plyometric warm up protocol was found to increase key performance determinants in Endurance Running more effectively. Therefore, coaches are suggested to apply this protocol in the warm up routine in endurance running athletes.

Keywords: Endurance Running, Plyometric, Bilateral and Unilateral, Warm Up 

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #28

Mut Wing Sum 11331521 

Supervisor: Dr. CHOW Chi Ching, Gary 

Title: Exploring the rope skipping mistake pattern in 30 seconds single rope speed between females and males in 16-18 age group at a simulated rope skipping competition

Abstract

The 30-second single rope speed event is a major individual event of international rope skipping competition, making it worthy to study. It is commonly found that rope skippers often become overly concentrated on their hands or wrists, the handles of their jump ropes, the coordination of their hand and feet, and the noises made as their feet make contact with the ground during the competitions. These instances of less-developed skill performance often led to skipping errors and mistakes. This research project aims to investigate the mistake patterns that occur during the 30- second single rope speed event among rope skippers in a simulated rope skipping competition. Thirty-two rope skippers (16 women and 16 men), who previously participated in the 30-second single rope speed event in the All Hong Kong Age Group Rope Skipping Competition 2023 and aged between the ages of 16 and 18 will be openly recruited to participate in a 30-second single rope simulated competition at the sports hall in the Education University of Hong Kong. Participants will be personally approached and their voluntary consent will be obtained. The study will adopt a cross-sectional study design to observe the mistake pattern during the 30-second single rope speed event. To evaluate the mistake distribution and the degree to which training experience influences mistake counts, descriptive statistics , the correlation between training experience and mistake counts and a personal information survey(Appendix 1: Survey) will be employed. The 30- second timeframe will be divided into 5-second segments, allowing the recording of mistakes occurring within each segment and subsequent analysis of the mistake distribution. A standardized setup utilizing cameras stabilized with tripods will be employed to record participants’ skipping performance. Additionally, a checklist will be employed to systematically identify and categorize the distribution of mistakes within the 30-second timeframe, specifically examining 6 parts of the mistake patterns. This study would contribute to the development of training programs that address the common mistake patterns made by rope skippers. It provides valuable insights into the unique training needs. 

Purposes: Fifth-teen rope skippers aged 16-18 (5 males and 10 females) who had participated in the 30-second single rope speed event during the All-Hong Kong Age Group Rope Skipping Competition 2023 had been recruited to participate in a 30-second single rope simulated competition. The study used a cross-sectional study design to observe the mistake distribution and the relationship between the training experience and the mistake counts in 30-second single rope speed performance of males and females’ participants aged 16-18 years. The cameras captured each competitor's performance in the 30 second which had been divided into 5-second segments, allowing the recording of mistakes occurring within each segment and subsequent analysis of the mistake distribution in the simulated competition. Results: The result show that there is weak correlation between training experience and the rope speed performance, r = -.318, p > .001 and the sixth segment has the greatest errors. Conclusion: In conclusion, rope-skippers made most of their mistakes in the final five seconds and the rope speed performance with lack relationship with the training experience with age 16-18 rope skippers.

Keywords: Rope Skipping, performance, mistake, training, rope speed, competition 

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #39

Siu Cheuk Ying 11331569 

Supervisor: Dr. CHOW Chi Ching, Gary 

Title: Explore the visual patterns of badminton players in different levels: a case-control study of eye tracking technology 

Abstract

Background: Badminton players at a high level require not only physical fitness but also well-developed cognitive abilities and strategic visual attention. Previous studies have used eye-tracking technology to understand how players of different levels interpret visual information in badminton. However, most of these studies relied on video-based assessments, which might have affected the results. Purpose: This study aims to identify and compare the visual attention of badminton players at different playing levels. Visual attention, such as the duration of fixation on the Area of Interest (i.e. the shuttle), will be compared. Methodology: Sixteen participants from two groups were recruited: higher-level players (university badminton team) and lower-level players (Physical Education students). Participants wore Tobii Pro Glasses 2 eye-trackers and played against assigned opponents on a badminton court. Two outcome variables will be recorded during the test: the duration and frequency of participants looking at the shuttle, as the shuttle is determined to be the Area of Interest (AOI) in the test. Results: The time used from participant's serve to hitting the first return was similar between team members (2.76s) and non-team members (2.68s). However, significant differences were observed in visual attention measures. The badminton group had a higher mean duration of looking at the shuttlecock (mean = 3.29s, SD = 1.85), while the non-badminton group had a lower mean duration (mean = 2.07s, SD = 0.94). Similarly, the badminton group had a higher mean AOI total visit duration (mean = 3.38s, SD = 1.87), while the non-badminton group had a lower mean duration (mean = 2.15s, SD = 1.03). Nonparametric tests indicated significant differences in both measures (p = 0.04). Furthermore, the badminton group exhibited a higher mean AOI fixation count (mean = 35.63, SD = 17.1) compared to the non-badminton group (mean = 30.00, SD = 11.2). The badminton group also had a higher mean AOI visit count (mean = 33.4, SD = 15.8) compared to the non-badminton group (mean = 28.00, SD = 9.23). Nonparametric tests indicated insignificant differences in both measures (p = 0.072) in the field. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that badminton players demonstrate differences in visual attention and AOI visit duration based on their playing level, highlighting the importance of cognitive skills in the sport.

Keywords: Visual attention, fixation, area of interest, badminton, eye-tracking, cognitive training 

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #40

So Yin Ting 11323134 

Supervisor: Dr. KAM Wai Keung, Kevin 

Title: Wushu and Self-Confidence: An Investigation of Wushu Learning of Female Secondary Students in Hong Kong

Abstract

Introduction: In today's dynamic world, self-confidence plays a pivotal role in personal growth and success across diverse domains, notably in sports. Wushu, a traditional Chinese martial art, embodied a balance of physical prowess and mental discipline. Despite its recognized physical benefits, its impact on psychological attributes such as self-confidence remained intriguing. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Wushu learning and self-confidence among female secondary students in Hong Kong. Methodology: The study implemented a four-weeks Wushu learning in a Hong Kong girls secondary school. Students participated in learning the Five Steps Fist and showcased their skills by performing a complete Taolu for assessment in the final lesson. Data collection methods encompassed a multi-faceted approach, including observation, pre and post questionnaires and in-depth interviews with students reflecting both the highest and lowest confidence scores. Results: A total of 120 female students from both junior and senior forms participated in the study. A Paired T-Test revealed a significant difference (p < .001) in confidence levels before (M = 55.61) and after (M = 98.73) Wushu learning. A strong positive correlation (r = .611, p < .001) was observed between scores in Taolu Assessment and confidence levels after learning, indicating that higher Taolu Assessment scores were associated with increased confidence. However, the Independent Samples T-Tests revealed no substantial difference between confidence scores of senior and junior students (p > .05). Coupled with observations on facial expressions and movement postures, these findings also highlighted Wushu's potential to enhance self-confidence. Conclusions: The study concluded that Wushu learning uniformly enhanced self-confidence across different age groups, offered insights into its potential benefits and integration into school curricula in Physical Education for the holistic development of students.

Keywords: Wushu, Self-Confidence, Taolu

Presentation Time: 1200-1300; Poster #29

Wong Chun Joe 11331480 

Supervisor: Dr. KAM Wai Keung, Kevin 

Title: To compare the effectiveness of interval training and continuous training for improving cardio-respiratory endurance of HK U12 footballers in 8-week

Abstract

Developing stamina is an important component of physical conditioning for U12 junior footballers, yet there is no agreement on the best training approach. Interval training and continuous training are two popular strategies, although their relative usefulness in boosting stamina in this group is unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of interval training versus continuous training for enhancing cardio-respiratory endurance in Hong Kong U12 junior footballers. A randomized controlled experiment will be done with 12 U12 youth footballers from various Hong Kong clubs. Participants will be allocated at random to one of two groups: interval training or continuous training and will complete an 8-week training program consisting of two sessions per week. The beep test will be used to assess stamina before and after training, and data will be analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. This study will add to the body of knowledge on teaching strategies for increasing stamina in U12 junior footballers, as well as provide significant insights into the relative effectiveness of interval training versus continuous training. This study will offer rigorous data on the influence of these teaching modalities on physical fitness in this population by employing a randomized controlled trial design and objective measures of stamina. The findings of this study can be used to improve coaching and training procedures for U12 junior footballers in Hong Kong and elsewhere, potentially improving young footballers' long-term health and athletic performance. Purposes: The purpose of the research is to compare the effectiveness of interval training and continuous training for improving stamina in U12 junior footballers in Hong Kong. The study aims to provide rigorous data on the influence of these training methods on physical fitness in this population, with the goal of improving coaching and training procedures and benefiting the long-term health and athletic performance of young footballers. Methodology: The research will use a randomized controlled trial design to compare interval training and continuous training in U12 junior footballers in Hong Kong. Participants will undergo tests such as the beep test to assess their cardio-respiratory endurance before the training and after the training. The training program will last 8 weeks, with the interval training group performing high-intensity intervals and the continuous training group engaging in sustained moderate-intensity exercise. In this study, participants in the interval training group will perform 100m sprints followed by 30 seconds of jogging, repeated for 10-15 minutes. Participants will then take a 5-minute break and repeat the cycle for two more times. The continuous training protocol involves longer periods of moderate-intensity exercise without any rest periods. Participants in the continuous training group will run for 20 minutes at a steady pace, aiming to complete 100m within 20-25 seconds. These training protocols were chosen to simulate the short bursts of sprinting and continuous running in a football match. Data will be collected at the participants' training facilities, coordinated with their coaches and trainers. Qualitative data on attitudes may also be collected by Google form. This google form is a RPE form, so the participants need to do it after every beep test in the pitch immediately. Results: Significant difference in improving cardio-respiratory endurance among the interval training group and the continuous training group was found. A huge improvement of cardio-respiratory among the continuous training group was found while an little increase of cardio-respiratory was found in the interval training group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the continuous training was found to be a more effective way for improvement of cardio-respiratory but further research is needed. 

Keywords: Football, Interval Training, Continuous Training, Beep Test, Cardio-respiratory, RPE

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #16

Wong Yik Hong 11331507 

Supervisor: Dr. SUN Fenghua, Bob 

Title: Comparison between the effects of training method of High-volume Low-intensity and High-intensity Low-volume towards running economy in amateur distance 

Abstract

Purposes: Different ideas of training methods in distance running are being a hot issue in running society as always. Training intensity distribution (TID) is thought to be the most important element in achieving peak performance in endurance sports. Some claim that in comparison to individuals who utilized a threshold TID which is high-intensity of low-volume (HILV), more low-intensity with high-volume (HVLI) training sessions, such as those characterized by pyramidal and polarized TID techniques showed larger improvements in endurance performance. However, running economy (RE), which cannot refer to running performances directly, is considered an important physiological measure for endurance athletes, especially distance runners. Therefore, the purpose of this research is focusing on comparing the effects of two different training methods towards the running economy in amateur runners. Methodology: Training methods, High-intensity Low-Volume (HILV) and High-Volume Low-Intensity (HVLI), will be compared. 20 amateur distance runners (10 males, 10 females) aged 18-23 years old will be randomly assigned to HILV and HVLI groups. They were assigned into two groups evenly, with 5 females and 5 males in one group. Running tests will be conducted to check the result after a series of 4 weeks training. The training volume and intensity in each session is in positive proportion according to the related groups. Treadmill running test will be conducted to measure the running economy of participants, which includes VO2max, lactate threshold, stride rate and heart rate as the indicators of running economy (RE). Both pretest and posttest are required. In the treadmill running test, two-way ANOVAs will be used to identify differences between tests and between groups. Results: A more significant improvement in running economy was found in the group of High-Volume Low-Intensity while comparing to the group of High-intensity Low-Volume. Group of High-Volume Low-Intensity have a significant improvement in heart rate, lactate threshold and RPE. Conclusion: In conclusion, the group of High-Volume Low-Intensity (HVLI) will have a more significant improvement in running economy than the High-Intensity Low-Volume (HILV) group as distance running asks for continuous oxygen consumption. However, the use of different training methods should base on athletes’ abilities and characteristics. Same method may cause different effects on runners. Further research is needed to find out.

Keywords: Distance running, HILV, HVLI, VO2max, running economy, TID

Presentation Time: 1330-1430; Poster #18

Yiu Fan Sun 11331404 

Supervisor: Dr. SUN Fenghua, Bob 

Title: The effect of mouth rinsing with high concentration of caffeine solution on lower body muscular endurance among Hong Kong college athletes  

Abstract

Background: The use of caffeine mouth rinse (CMR) solutions to enhance athletic and workout performance while mitigating the possible negative effects of caffeine is increasingly gaining attention. Although one previous study investigated the effect of different dosages of CMR on muscular performance, the possible benefits of very high concentration CMR on lower body strength were not explored. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high concentration CMR impacted lower body muscular endurance in male college athletes who had engaged in resistance training. Methodology: In a randomized, double-blind and cross-over design, thirteen college athletes with prior experience in resistance training completed three conditions. The conditions involved a 5-second mouth rinse with 25 mL solutions containing 4% CAF solution (VHCMR), 3% CAF solution (HCMR), or sweetened water as placebo (PLA) prior to a test measuring leg press muscular endurance. The blinding method was to add sucralose which contains no glucose. In each condition, muscular endurance, heart rate, muscle soreness and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. These metrics were recorded for all conditions. The data collected was analyzed using the IBM SPSS. Results: VHCMR significantly increased muscular endurance compared to PLA (p=0.006), but there was no difference between VHCMR and HCMR (p=0.109). In addition, no significant difference in muscular strength was detected between HCMR and PLA (p=0.062). Moreover, there was no significant difference in heart rate, RPE and muscle soreness among the three conditions. Conclusion: The VHCMR but not HCMR adopted in the present study seems to improve the lower body muscular endurance. 

Keywords: caffeine mouth rinsing, high concentration, lower body, muscular endurance