Scarborough's Reading Rope, as seen above, illustrates the importance of language comprehension as well as word recognition in learning to read. Under each of these categories, students must develop a specific set of skills to reach full comprehension and fluency. A deficit in any of the skills listed can result in a lack of comprehension and a frustrated student. Most of these skills will be taught in the primary and elementary grades, but increasingly adolescent students are struggling in middle and high school because of deficits in these areas.