Common Learning Differences in 2e Students

Twice-exceptional students may have a variety of disabilities or learning differences, including:

• Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD): Dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), dyscalculia (math)

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Difficulty with focus, impulsivity, or hyperactivity

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Social communication challenges, deep focus on specific interests

• Executive Functioning Challenges: Issues with organization, time management, or working memory

• Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD): Over- or under-sensitivity to sensory stimuli

• Emotional or Mental Health Conditions: Anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive tendencies

Challenges Faced by 2e Learners

Because of their dual exceptionalities, 2e students often experience:

• Frustration and Anxiety: They may recognize their intellectual strengths but struggle with tasks others find easy.

• Inconsistency in Performance: They might excel in one subject while struggling in another, leading to misunderstandings about their abilities.

• Masking of Abilities or Disabilities: Giftedness can hide the disability (e.g., strong verbal skills masking dyslexia), or the disability can overshadow the giftedness (e.g., poor executive functioning making them appear disorganized rather than intellectually capable).

• Social and Emotional Struggles: They may feel isolated, misunderstood, or struggle with perfectionism and self-doubt.

• Lack of Proper Identification and Support: Schools may not recognize both aspects, leading to missed opportunities for accommodations and enrichment.

Supporting 2e Learners

1. Identification & Strength-Based Approach

• Look beyond standardized test scores and assess both strengths and challenges through multiple measures.

• Identify specific areas of giftedness and learning challenges through comprehensive evaluations.

2. Differentiated Instruction

• Allow students to engage with challenging, interest-driven content while supporting their areas of difficulty.

• Offer accommodations such as extra time, alternative assignments, or assistive technology for their struggles.

3. Executive Function and Self-Regulation Support

• Teach organization, time management, and self-advocacy skills explicitly.

• Use tools like graphic organizers, timers, and structured routines to support executive functioning.

4. Emotional and Social Support

• Foster a growth mindset to help students manage frustration and perfectionism.

• Provide counseling, mentoring, or peer groups to help with social-emotional challenges.

• Encourage strengths-based activities to build confidence and resilience.

5. Collaborative Support System

• Work closely with teachers, parents, and support staff to create an individualized learning plan (IEP or 504 Plan if needed).

• Ensure teachers are trained to recognize and support 2e learners effectively.