PHYSIOLOGY

I. PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (25%)

This subject covers the physiology of excitation, physiology of contraction, the nervous system, the blood and the cardiovascular system.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. What nutrient is stored in the liver as glycogen and efficient source of energy?

a. Carbohydrates

b. Protein

c. Fat

d. Vitamins

2. The vitamin vital to the coagulation of blood is:

a. K

b. D

c. E

d. C

3. Which group of substance will cause skeletal muscle relaxation?

a. Nicotinic antagonist

b. Muscarinic antagonist

c. Adrenergic antagonist

d. Dopanergic antagonist

4. If the vagus nerve is severed, which of the following conditions will occur?

a. Movement of food through GI tract will slow down

b. Difficulty breathing

c. heart rate will decrease

d. Skeletal muscle weakness

5. What is the pH range of blood compatible with normal life?

a. 7.0 - 7.8

b. 6.2 - 6.8

c. 8.0 - 8.5

d. 9.0 - 12.0

II. SYSTEMIC PHYSIOLOGY (45%)

The scope of this subject includes the physiology of the respiratory system, the digestive system, metabolism, fluids and the kidneys.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. Which of these respiratory functions prevents over-distention of the lungs?

a. Herring-Breuer inflation reflex

b. Cheyne-Stokes respiration

c. Carbon dioxide blood level maintenance

d. Herring-Breuer deflation reflex

2. The major stimulus in the size and muscular development of the rumeno-reticulum in ruminants is:

a. Bulk effect of roughage

b. Generous amount of milk ingested after colostral absorption

c. Profuse salivary secretions at the start of solid food ingestion

d. Volatile fatty acids at the start of microbial fermentation

3. The absence of this in the muscular stomach of the bird will cause the digestion of hard food slower.

a. Grit

b. Enzyme

c. Hydrochloric acid

d. Saliva

4. The principal organ responsible for gluconeogenesis is the:

a. Liver

b. Spleen

c. Kidney

d. Intestines

5. Which of the following statement is correct concerning the baroreflex mechanisms?

a. Acute increase in arterial pressure will cause a decrease in heart rate

b. Acute changes in arterial pressure do not alter heart rate

c. Acute decrease in arterial pressure cause arterial vasodilation

d. Acute decrease in arterial pressure cause a decrease in heart rate

III. ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY (30%)

The subject covers endocrinology and reproduction in domestic animals with special attention given to four farm species (horse, cattle, swine and sheep) and two companion animals, the dog and cat. Reproductive patterns of these animals, artificial breeding and associated endocrine glands are included.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. The most significant physiologic change following the removal of adrenal glands in mammals is:

a. Rise in blood potassium concentration and marked sodium excretion

b. Increased in blood bicarbonate level

c. Hypertension

d. Increased body hydration

2. Which group of agents is collectively known as catecholamines?

a. Epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine

b. Norephinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine

c. Epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

d. Dopamine, adrenocorticotrophin, norepinephrine

3. Which of the following hormones stimulates the Leydig cells of the testis to produce testosterone?

a. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

b. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

c. Prolactin

d. Estrogen

4. The secretion of which hormone is increased at the stage close to parturition in contrast to decreased progesterone production?

a. Estrogen

b. Follicle stimulating hormone

c. Luteinizing hormone

d. Somatotrophin

5. The physiologic effects of oxytocin do not include:

a. Inducement of estrus cycle

b. Induction of milk ejection reflex

c. Contraction of the smooth muscles of the gravid uterus

d. Facilitation of sperm transport in the non-pregnant uterus.