"The upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles." This upper layer of earth promotes the medium for plant growth for that ecosystem/biome.
Soil Types
Sand
Large particles of rock like material easily seen with a microscope
Allowed water to easily flow through. No retention of water
Clay
Fine particles
Stopped the flow of water. Not able to penetrate the clay
Organic/Humus Material
Material made up of minerals and decomposing biotic materials
Absorbed large amount of water. Promotes plant growth.