Deductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning is a form of reasoning where direct observation is not possible. It involves posing a sound deductive argument and linking it with facts that are known to be true. This form of reasoning allows for the furtherance of scientific knowledge when direct observation is unavailable. A word of warning, Deductive Reasoning can pose solutions that are later proved false.

Examples of Deductive Reasoning that is Sound

1. All men are mortal.
2. Socrates is a man.
3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

1. Frogs are amphibians.
2. The Coqui is a frog found in Puerto Rico.
3. Therefore, the Coqui is an Amphician.

The valid arguments that are linked with facts that are truthful allow for the formation of new knowledge.

Examples of Deductive Reasoning that is not Sound.

1. Labrador retrievers instinctively chase a ball.
2. Billy, a baseball player, chases after a foul balls.
3. Therefore, Billy is a Labrador retriever.

The reasoning is clearly false since we know baseball players to be human and Labrador retrievers to be not.

Questionable Deductive Reasoning

1. Sharks have serrated teeth.
2. A Blue whale was found with serrated teeth marks on its body.
3. Therefore, the Blue whale was attacked by a shark.

This is valid only if sharks are the only type of animal with serrated teeth in the ocean.

Deductive Reasoning is a critical thinking skill to determine the best solution using the available facts.