· The Butter Battle Book
· “Single Room, Earth View” by Sally Ride, pg. 468
· Arthur C. Clark’s "If I Forget Thee, O Earth" (Lexile: 1220) (p. 162)
· from “Silent Spring” (pg. 167)
· The New York Times Article “At Chernobyl, Hints of Nature’s Adaptation”
· Stanley Kunitz “The War Against the Trees”
· Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice”
· Ecology of a Cracker Childhood
*Quizlet link to vocabulary and definitions: https://quizlet.com/_8o8gly?x=1qqt&i=15fcz6
Pilgrimage - A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place. People make pilgrimages to places like Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Dharamsala as part of their religious or spiritual practice.
A pilgrimage is often a spiritual journey, but some pilgrimages deal with other kinds of devotion. For example, fans often visit the places that are — or were — significant to their heroes. Every August 16th, Elvis Presley fans from around the country make a pilgrimage to his famous former home, Graceland, to commemorate the anniversary of his death.
Exile – To exile means the act of expelling a person from their native land. If you are exiled from a place, you must leave and not return. Such punishment is called exile. For example, after he was removed from power, Napoleon lived in exile on the island of Elba.
Heritage - Heritage is defined as that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner. Heritage can refer to practices or characteristics that are passed down through the years, from one generation to the next. Researching your family tree would help you gain a sense of your personal heritage.
Phosphorescence - Phosphorescence is a fluorescence that persists after the bombarding radiation has ceased. Phosphorescence is also when something glows with light without becoming hot to the touch, like the glow-in-the-dark stars on your bedroom ceiling.
Colony - A colony is a group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland. The people who founded the United States first came to America to live as part of a British colony. But, a colony can also be a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together.
wood heaped for burning a
dead body as a funeral rite
extreme distress of body or
mind
lasting an indefinitely long
time
(New Testament) the scene of
the final battle between the kings of the Earth at the end of the world
a fluorescence that persists
after radiation has ceased
a group of organisms of the
same type living together
Biologist:
Foray:
Aptitude (p. 11):
Monotonous (p. 13):
Amorphous (p. 15):
Disorder (p. 41):
Ancestors (p. 41):
Predisposition (p. 41):
Allusion - allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text.
The use allusions are not confined to literature alone. Their occurrence is fairly common in our daily speech. Look at some common allusion examples in everyday life:
· “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” – “Romeo” is a reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo, a passionate lover of Juliet, in “Romeo and Juliet”.
· The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes. – This is an allusion to one of Greek Mythology’s origin myth, “Pandora’s box”.
· “This place is like a Garden of Eden.” – This is a biblical allusion to the “garden of God” in the Book of Genesis.
Historical Context – Knowing when a book or other type of text was written, and how it fits into the events of its time, helps us understand what the author was thinking when he or she wrote the book/text. Writers are usually writing for a reason and sometimes that reason relates to what is happening in the author’s life or in the world when he or she is writing. Historical context refers to the moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed in a certain time. Context helps readers understand the cultural, social, philosophical, and political ideas and movements prevalent in society at the time of the writing.
Questions to consider related to context:
· What do you know about the author’s background: their nation of origin, the political events and struggles of their time, their family structure, their education and social class, their religion, their moral beliefs, their age and health conditions? How do these (and other) biographical facts influence your reading of their work?
· What do you know about the time and place in which the story was written and/or set?
· What political and social issues and historical trends or landmarks are being raised or reflected in the work?
· If the time the story is written is different from the time in which it was set, how does this distance impact the work?
Author Purpose – When you read anything in this class and in your ‘real’ life, you should always be looking to see what the author wants you to get from his or her text. Typically, in English classes, we think of three types of purposes: to inform, persuade, or entertain. These can overlap!
Theme – Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly. It is important not to confuse a theme of a literary work with its subject. Subject is a topic which acts as a foundation for a literary work while a theme is an opinion expressed on the subject. For example, a writer may choose a subject of war for his story and the theme of a story may be writer’s personal opinion that war is a curse for humanity. Usually, it is up to readers to explore a theme of a literary work by analyzing characters, plot and other literary devices.
Allegory – An allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and concepts are represented or described in characters, or objects or events in a story.
Satire – Writing that comments humorously on human flaws, ideas, social customs, or institutions in order to change them. Basically, the story might seem funny or strange or ridiculous, but there is usually a deeper message about a serious topic.
Plot – The action of the story.
Conflict – In literature, a conflict involves a struggle between two opposing forces. One type of external conflict is a pretty obvious one, (man versus man), or a protagonist (good guy) and an antagonist (bad guy) opposing each other mentally or physically. There are five main types of conflict in literature:
· Man vs. Man · Man vs. Nature · Man vs. Society · Man vs. Self - - (internal)
and · Man vs. Technology
Characterization:
Direct or Explicit - A character is described by the author or the narrator
Indirect or Implicit - A character's traits are revealed by thoughts, actions, dialogue (says), or appearance (looks), or effect on others. (Remember STEAL).
Tone - In written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words, or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. ... The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, or cheerful, or it may be any other existing attitude.
Credentials
Signal verb and signal phrase
Direct Quote
Claim
Dismiss/ pooh-pooh
Transitions words and phrases
Compare and contrast words
Spatial order words
Denotation
Connotation
Dialect
Dialogue
Audience
Plot (and the plot diagram)
Point-of-view
Fiction and Nonfiction
Rhetorical Modes (narration, argument, illustration, definition, classification, exposition, description, cause/effect, compare/contrast)
Infer/Inference
Analyze
Develop
Interpret
Expository
Topic
Thesis
Central Idea
Transitions
Tone/Imagery/Figures of Speech/Poems/Theme
Allusion/If I forget Thee/Any Text
Characterization/Ecology of a Cracker Childhood
Setting/ Ecology of a Cracker Childhood
Allegory/Symbolism/Butter Battle
Historical Context/Any Text
Author Purpose/Any Text
Transition Words and Phrases
R.A.C.E.
P= Ex
S= ate
P= con
S= tion (pollution)
Common nouns
Proper nouns (and capitalization)
Concrete noun
Abstract noun
Possessives (punctuation)
Pronoun-antecedent agreement