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MODULE 1 - HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
This module will introduce you and let you understand the history of Civil Engineering.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
- Explains the origins of civil engineering.
- Appreciate the work of famous engineers and scientists.
- Appreciate how civil engineers have helped to improve the quality of life for society.
"An eye-opener indeed." This module served as an introduction of the course Civil Engineering as we learned how civil engineering originated, how the ancient people built their houses, how the different civilizations created amazing infrastructures, and how civil engineering developed every period. Meanwhile, for this particular topic, we were tasked to create a video presentation showcasing the history of civil engineering. The following is our group's very own video presentation.
Upon further researches and watching the other groups' presentation, I was able to connect the dots and form a comprehensive origin of how civil engineering started. I gained a clearer view of the progressive improvements in the course. So, here's how it originated.
ANCIENT AGE - TREE BRIDGES
The demonstration of ancient age civil engineering was when human beings used the old shelter caves to protect themselves from the harsh environment and used tree trunks to cross the river.
The demonstration of ancient age civil engineering was when human beings used the old shelter caves to protect themselves from the harsh environment and used tree trunks to cross the river.
BETWEEN 4000 AND 2000 BC - NEW DWELLINGS
Civil engineering methods may have begun between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, when humanity began to forsake their nomadic lifestyle and sought to build new dwellings. Also, transportation became increasingly significant during this period which led to the development of wheel and sailing.
Civil engineering methods may have begun between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, when humanity began to forsake their nomadic lifestyle and sought to build new dwellings. Also, transportation became increasingly significant during this period which led to the development of wheel and sailing.
BETWEEN 2700 AND 2500 BC - EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS
The construction of pyramids in Egypt was considered the first instances of large structure constructions between 2700 and 2500 BC. Currently, about 118 to 138 pyramids are still standing in Egypt with the oldest known one built in 2630 BC.
The construction of pyramids in Egypt was considered the first instances of large structure constructions between 2700 and 2500 BC. Currently, about 118 to 138 pyramids are still standing in Egypt with the oldest known one built in 2630 BC.
AROUND 2550 BC - STEPPED PYRAMID
Imhotep, the earliest known engineer, constructed a renowned stepped pyramid for King Djoser in Saqqara Necropolis around 2550 BC. He built a monument that still remains today using basic tools and mathematics His discovery of the skill of constructing with shaped stones was his greatest contribution to engineering.
Imhotep, the earliest known engineer, constructed a renowned stepped pyramid for King Djoser in Saqqara Necropolis around 2550 BC. He built a monument that still remains today using basic tools and mathematics His discovery of the skill of constructing with shaped stones was his greatest contribution to engineering.
BETWEEN 2,500 AND 3000 YEARS AGO - QANATS
One of the ancient historic civil engineering is qanat developed about 2,500 or 3000 years ago in Iran. Qanat is gently sloping underground channel or tunnel constructed to lead water from the interior of a hill to a village below. The oldest and longest qanat (about 3000 years and 71 kilometers long) is in the city of Zarch in Central Iran, and other 3000 year-old qanats have been discovered in northern Iran.
One of the ancient historic civil engineering is qanat developed about 2,500 or 3000 years ago in Iran. Qanat is gently sloping underground channel or tunnel constructed to lead water from the interior of a hill to a village below. The oldest and longest qanat (about 3000 years and 71 kilometers long) is in the city of Zarch in Central Iran, and other 3000 year-old qanats have been discovered in northern Iran.
BETWEEN 447 AND 438 BC - PARTHENON
The Parthenon built by Iktinos in Ancient Greece was one of the recognizable structures of the Greek architecture. It was built between 447 and 438 BC during the height of the ancient Greek empire.
The Parthenon built by Iktinos in Ancient Greece was one of the recognizable structures of the Greek architecture. It was built between 447 and 438 BC during the height of the ancient Greek empire.
312 BC - APPIAN WAY
One of the known Roman engineering innovations is the Appian way constructed by Appius Claudius Caucus in 312 BC. This road span 362 miles which connects Rome to Brindisi, Southeast Italy. It is special in such a way that unlike the other roads created by the Romans, it allows for fast army movements and was the first road designed solely for military transit, allowing the Roman forces to effectively defeat their enemies.
One of the known Roman engineering innovations is the Appian way constructed by Appius Claudius Caucus in 312 BC. This road span 362 miles which connects Rome to Brindisi, Southeast Italy. It is special in such a way that unlike the other roads created by the Romans, it allows for fast army movements and was the first road designed solely for military transit, allowing the Roman forces to effectively defeat their enemies.
AROUND 220 BC - GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China is considered as one of the ancient historic civil engineering construction built at around 220 BC. More than 20 states and dynasties collaborated to create this wall. In the 7th century, the Chu State erected the first wall to protect itself from invasions, then, the other states joined. The wall was repaired, extended, renovated, and restored during the Han and Ming dynasties. The Ming Dynasty completed the wall that we see today. The wall's length surpasses 13,000 miles.
The Great Wall of China is considered as one of the ancient historic civil engineering construction built at around 220 BC. More than 20 states and dynasties collaborated to create this wall. In the 7th century, the Chu State erected the first wall to protect itself from invasions, then, the other states joined. The wall was repaired, extended, renovated, and restored during the Han and Ming dynasties. The Ming Dynasty completed the wall that we see today. The wall's length surpasses 13,000 miles.
BETWEEN 250 AND 210 BC - STUPAS
Many stupas were built in Sri Lanka between 250 and 210 BC. The oldest stupa in Sri Lanka is Thuparama built by King Devanampiyatissa in the then capital city of Anuradhapura. Stupas were primarily built to preserve Buddha's remains that is why stupa building was seen as an act of great merit. The architectural criteria are identical across most stupas; stupa entrances are laid out with their center lines pointing to the relic chambers.
Many stupas were built in Sri Lanka between 250 and 210 BC. The oldest stupa in Sri Lanka is Thuparama built by King Devanampiyatissa in the then capital city of Anuradhapura. Stupas were primarily built to preserve Buddha's remains that is why stupa building was seen as an act of great merit. The architectural criteria are identical across most stupas; stupa entrances are laid out with their center lines pointing to the relic chambers.
BETWEEN 312 BC AND AD 226 - AQUEDUCTS
Throughout their empire, the Romans built civil constructions such as aqueducts, insula, ports, bridges, dams, and highways. The Roman aqueducts systems were built over a period of 500 years from 312 BC to AD 226 near Pont du Gard in France. Aqueducts were lengthy water conduits constructed to deliver water into cities. Many Roman aqueducts were built underground. The water brought into town was used for drinking, bathing, and sewage disposal.
Throughout their empire, the Romans built civil constructions such as aqueducts, insula, ports, bridges, dams, and highways. The Roman aqueducts systems were built over a period of 500 years from 312 BC to AD 226 near Pont du Gard in France. Aqueducts were lengthy water conduits constructed to deliver water into cities. Many Roman aqueducts were built underground. The water brought into town was used for drinking, bathing, and sewage disposal.
1450 - MACHU PICCHU, PERU
The Machu Picchu in Peru was built around 1450 during the height of the Inca Empire, is regarded as an engineering wonder. It was constructed in the Andes Mountains with the help of some of history's most inventive water resource engineers. The inhabitants of Machu Picchu created a mountaintop metropolis with running water, drainage systems, food production, and stone constructions so complex that they lasted for almost 500 years.
The Machu Picchu in Peru was built around 1450 during the height of the Inca Empire, is regarded as an engineering wonder. It was constructed in the Andes Mountains with the help of some of history's most inventive water resource engineers. The inhabitants of Machu Picchu created a mountaintop metropolis with running water, drainage systems, food production, and stone constructions so complex that they lasted for almost 500 years.
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
18TH CENTURY - COINED THE TERM CIVIL ENGINEERING
The term "Civil Engineering" was coined in the 18th century to encompass all things civilian as opposed to military engineering.
The term "Civil Engineering" was coined in the 18th century to encompass all things civilian as opposed to military engineering.
1747 - FIRST ENGINEERING SCHOOL
The National Institution of Bridges and Highways (Ecole Nationale Des Ponts et Chaussees) in France was the first engineering school to open its doors in 1747.
The National Institution of Bridges and Highways (Ecole Nationale Des Ponts et Chaussees) in France was the first engineering school to open its doors in 1747.
1756 TO 1759 - FIRST SELF-PROCLAIMED CIVIL ENGINEER
John Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer. Smeaton created the third Eddystone Lighthouse in 1756-1759, as suggested by the Royal Society. He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime, which became known as Smeaton's Tower.
John Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer. Smeaton created the third Eddystone Lighthouse in 1756-1759, as suggested by the Royal Society. He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime, which became known as Smeaton's Tower.
1771 - SMEATONIAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
In 1771, Smeaton and several of his colleagues founded the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders in the field who gathered informally over dinner. Though there were occasional technical meetings, it was primarily a social society.
In 1771, Smeaton and several of his colleagues founded the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders in the field who gathered informally over dinner. Though there were occasional technical meetings, it was primarily a social society.
1818 - WORLD'S FIRST ENGINEERING SOCIETY
The Institution of Civil Engineers, the world's first engineering society, was formed in London in 1818, and famous engineer Thomas Telford became its first president in 1820. In 1828, the institution was granted a Royal Charter, formally recognizing engineering as a profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as:
The Institution of Civil Engineers, the world's first engineering society, was formed in London in 1818, and famous engineer Thomas Telford became its first president in 1820. In 1828, the institution was granted a Royal Charter, formally recognizing engineering as a profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as:
"Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for solving the problems of society, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields."
1819 - FIRST PRIVATE COLLEGE TO TEACH CIVIL ENGINEERING
The first private institution to teach civil engineering in the United States was Norwich University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge.
The first private institution to teach civil engineering in the United States was Norwich University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge.
1835 - FIRST DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WAS AWARDED
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute conferred the first degree in civil engineering in the United States in 1835.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute conferred the first degree in civil engineering in the United States in 1835.
1905 - FIRST FEMALE CIVIL ENGINEERING DEGREE
Nora Stanton Blatch received the first female civil engineering degree from Cornell University in 1905.
Nora Stanton Blatch received the first female civil engineering degree from Cornell University in 1905.
REFLECTION
The history of civil engineering was really astounding. I had realized that human beings are blessed with great minds to invent, build and strategize many useful things. From the ancient people who started building their new dwellings just from their own ideas, to the different civilizations who invented and discovered several techniques and constructing methods, up to the modern era on which engineers maximized the use of the modern technologies. Meanwhile, civil engineering is progressively improving and will continue to improve as far as the humans concerned. Civil engineering is the profession of planning, designing and constructing public-use structures such as dams, bridges, aqueducts, canals, roads, power plants, sewage systems, and other infrastructure. I learned that civil engineers play a major role in improving the standards of living of every person in the world. Through the infrastructures that they build, as well as their inventions and discoveries, everybody is benefited. That is how important a civil engineer is in the society.
The history of civil engineering was really astounding. I had realized that human beings are blessed with great minds to invent, build and strategize many useful things. From the ancient people who started building their new dwellings just from their own ideas, to the different civilizations who invented and discovered several techniques and constructing methods, up to the modern era on which engineers maximized the use of the modern technologies. Meanwhile, civil engineering is progressively improving and will continue to improve as far as the humans concerned. Civil engineering is the profession of planning, designing and constructing public-use structures such as dams, bridges, aqueducts, canals, roads, power plants, sewage systems, and other infrastructure. I learned that civil engineers play a major role in improving the standards of living of every person in the world. Through the infrastructures that they build, as well as their inventions and discoveries, everybody is benefited. That is how important a civil engineer is in the society.
CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT #1
Salazar-Coursework1Part1-BSCE1B.pdfCOURSEWORK #1 PART 1
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