628 Introduction

628 Anatomy of the Respiratory System

629 Physiology of Respiration

631 Pathophysiology

631 Carbon Dioxide Retention and Hypoxic Drive

633 Causes of Dyspnea

634 Upper or Lower Airway Infection

638 Acute Pulmonary Edema

639 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

642 Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis

644 Spontaneous Pneumothorax

644 Pleural Effusion

645 Obstruction of the Airway

645 Pulmonary Embolism

646 Hyperventilation

647 Environmental/Industrial Exposure

648 Patient Assessment

648 Scene Size-up

648 Primary Assessment

651 History Taking

653 Secondary Assessment

655 Reassessment

656 Emergency Medical Care

656 Metered-Dose Inhaler and Small-Volume Nebulizer Administration of an MDI

659 Administration of a Small-Volume Nebulizer

662 Treatment of Specific Conditions

662 Upper or Lower Airway Infection

662 Acute Pulmonary Edema

663 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

663 Asthma, Hay Fever, and Anaphylaxis

664 Spontaneous Pneumothorax

664 Pleural Effusion

664 Obstruction of the Airway

664 Pulmonary Embolism

664 Hyperventilation

665 Environmental/Industrial Exposure

665 Foreign Body Aspiration

665 Tracheostomy Dysfunction

665 Asthma

666 Cystic Fibrosis