86 Introduction

  86 Consent

  87 Expressed Consent

  88 Implied Consent

  88 Involuntary Consent

  88 Minors and Consent

  89 Forcible Restraint

  90 The Right to Refuse Treatment

  91 Confidentiality

  91 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

  93 Social Media

  93 Advance Directives

  95 Physical Signs of Death

  95 Presumptive Signs of Death

  95 Definitive Signs of Death

  96 Medical Examiner Cases

  97 Special Situations

  97 Organ Donors

  97 Medical Identification Insignia

  98 Scope of Practice

  98 Standards of Care

  98 Standards Imposed by Local Custom

  98 Standards Imposed by Law

  99 Professional or Institutional Standards

100 Standards Imposed by Textbooks

100 Standards Imposed by States

100 Duty to Act

101 Negligence

101 Abandonment

102 Assault and Battery and Kidnapping

102 Defamation

103 Good Samaritan Laws and Immunity

104 Records and Reports

104 Special Mandatory Reporting Requirements

104 Abuse of Children, Older People, and Others

104 Injury During the Commission of a Felony

104 Drug-Related Injuries

105 Childbirth

105 Other Reporting Requirements

105 Scene of a Crime

105 The Deceased

106 Ethical Responsibilities

107 The EMT in Court