Unit 12: The Roaring 20's and Great Depression

Unit 12 Vocabulary:

Unit 12 Roaring: 20s, Great Depression, The New Deal Vocabulary

1. Temperance Movement - A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The movement was spearheaded by women who had endured (along with their children) the effects of their husband’s excessive drinking.
2. Prohibition – The banning of alcoholic beverages by the 18^th amendment
3. Suffrage – The right to vote.
4. 19th Amendment – Through speeches, marches, pamphlets, and newspaper articles, the US gov’t gives all women the right to vote.
5. Consumer goods –Products made for use by the average person. These include the washing machine, irons, vacuum cleaners, and toasters.
6. Credit – A way of paying for something in small amounts every month until it is paid in full. Ex. A radio or car
7. Interest – An extra charge for borrowing on credit
8. Herbert Hoover – Republican president from 1929 to 1933 who expressed the nation’s optimism in ending the nation’s poverty
9. Buying on Margin – method of purchasing stocks on credit. Pay a small part of the stock’s price as a down payment and then borrowing the rest
10. Black Tuesday – Investors desperate for cash to pay their debts began to sell shares in even the soundest and most profitable companies
11. Crash of 1929 – The Stock Market crash was the first event in a terrible economic depression
12. Great Depression – Worldwide economic downturn that caused great suffering from 1929 until WWII
13. Hoovervilles – Slum or village of shacks where people made homeless by the Great Depression lived
14. Franklin D. Roosevelt – Democratic president from 1933 to 1945 who pledged a “new deal’ for the American people to bring them out of the Great Depression
15. New Deal – Solutions set out to tackle to problems caused by the Great Depression. “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper…”
16. FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation that protects savings accounts in federally approved banks
17. Fireside Chats – Warm, friendly talks where Roosevelt explained in everyday language the steps the gov’t was taking to deal with the Depression
18. Hundred Days– A special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to tackle the problems of the Great Depression with 15 bills.
19. Three R’s - Relief for the hungry and jobless, Recovery for agriculture and industry, and Reform to change the way the economy worked and prevent a future Great Depression
20. Social Security Act – Workers and employers make payments into this special fund that gives them a pension after they retire
21. Red Scare - Headlines that made Americans fear that the US would be taken over by Communists like Russia was.
22. Harlem Renaissance – Cultural movement in Harlem section of New York when great creativity among writers, artists, musicians showcased the talents of Africa