 THE PLANETS Our "Universe" Steiner taught that we humans have passed through three major stages of evolution, which he called “Old Saturn,” “Old Sun”, and “Old Moon.” [1] The connection between these ancient planetary conditions and the present-day members of our solar system called Saturn, Sun, and Moon is not crystal clear. Steiner liked to keep things vague. In some instances, the present orbs are evolutionary descendants of their ancient namesakes. But some planets existing now — Mars, Mercury — have no clear antecedents. They simply exist as planets, although of course there is nothing simple about their current status as Steiner defined these things. Venus, for instance, is a husk tossed off by Lucifer. “Lucifer himself takes part in Earth evolution with the perpetual longing within himself for his true home, for the star Venus ... [W]hat Lucifer casts off as a husk ... as the physical body is cast off by the human soul at death, shines down from heaven as Venus.” [2] Planets evolve, much as humans do: “Now just as man passes through the various stages of his life, as child, young man or woman, old man or woman, so does a planet.”. [3] The Earth has evolved, and “Old Saturn,” “Old Sun”, and “Old Moon” were stages of this evolution. In this sense, those stages were predecessors of the modern Earth rather than being predecessors of modern Saturn, Sun, and Moon, as such. (I apologize for wiggle words, such as “as such.” They are needed when quoting Steiner, who frequently used such equivocations himself.) “Before the Earth became the planet we know, it was a very different one. At the beginning of time it was a planet called, in occult science, [Old] Saturn. Altogether there have been four successive incarnations of the Earth: [Old] Saturn, [Old] Sun, [Old] Moon and Earth.” [4] So our present-day Earth evolved from Old Saturn, etc. But, as it turns out, so did the present-day objects known as Saturn, etc., in a sense. The present-day Sun, for example, evolved from the Old Sun: “Our Sun is a fixed star; the old Sun was a planet, and in the course of its incarnations it has worked itself up from the substance and being of a planet to the rank of a fixed star." [5] Reconciling Steiner’s various statements is sometimes impossible. He claimed to be describing matters that transcend human logic. Maybe he was indeed doing so — although whether the things he described are, or ever were, real may be another matter. Not only did the Earth and other members of the solar system evolve, in some sense, from the “Old” planets , but we human beings lived on each of the Old planets, although of course we weren’t really human yet. “Even on the planet Saturn man was present.” [6]  Insofar as we once lived on Old Saturn, we might wonder whether we ever lived on Saturn, the present-day planet or some recognizable variant of it. Steiner was inconsistent on this question, as on so many others. Sometimes he said things like the following: “[W]e must not picture these four planets Saturn, Sun, Moon and Earth — as four separate planets; they are four different conditions of the same planet [Earth] ... Man has never been on any other planet, but the Earth has existed in these four different conditions.” [7] But sometimes he said the opposite. In the following statement, he plugs one of his own books, and he refers to Lemuria, which he said was a lost continent preceding Atlantis — yes, Atlantis. He says that humans fled to other planets to escape to potential mummification of humanity: “You know from the book OCCULT SCIENCE that during the Lemurian epoch [i.e., the time of Lemuria] only very few human beings had outlasted, on the earth itself, the happenings of this evolution; that only a few remained on the earth during the Lemurian epoch; that before the actual danger of the mummification of everything human began, the majority of souls withdrew from the earth to other planets, continuing their life on Mars, Saturn, Venus, Jupiter, and so forth. Then, from the end of the Lemurian epoch and during the Atlantean epoch [i.e., the time of Atlantis — yes, Atlantis], these souls gradually came [back] down to earth in order to incarnate in earthly bodies under the changed earthly conditions.” [8] ◊◊◊◊ According to Steiner, our “universe” consists of the solar system. Period. But, of course, he contradicted himself on this: He often referred to the zodiac, for example, which consists of nearby planets but also stars far outside the solar system. He even referred to the mythical “celestial dome,” which the ancients thought was a solid vault to which the stars were attached. “Saturn's movement, however, is 1200 times [faster than] that of the whole celestial dome." [9] For the moment, let’s concentrate on our solar system, since Steiner at least sometimes said it comprises our whole universe: “To the modern materialistic view of the cosmos, Saturn is observed merely as a body moving about in cosmic space; and the same with the other planets. This is not the case; for if we take [i.e., consider] Saturn, the outermost planet of our Universe [sic: I told you so], we must represent him as the leader of our planetary system in cosmic space. He directs our system in space.” [10] You might also notice that when he confines our “Universe” to a single solar system, he goes himself one better by restricting the solar system to Saturn and the planets that are no farther from the Sun than Saturn. In other words, he vastly reduces the true scope of our solar system by omitting Uranus, Neptune, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud. (He sometimes referred to Uranus and Neptune, but only dismissively.) The various planets in our universe (or truncated solar system) do not all exist in the same three-dimensional space. This is hard to visualize, and astronomers would laugh at Steiner, but the man was insistent: “If we employ the three-dimensional space to sketch in the orbits of Jupiter, Saturn and Mars, we come at most to a boundary, where we get something like a path of the Sun. But if we wish to draw the others [i.e., the paths of the other planets], we can no longer do so in the three-dimensional space, we can only get shadow-pictures of these other movements in it; we cannot draw the path of Venus and that of Saturn in the same space ... That is to say, we cannot delineate the ordinary solar system in the three-dimensional space.” [11] This is wrong, no matter how many dimensions the universe may have. All planets can be delineated in the same sort of space, since they all occupy regions in the same sort of space. Here’s another surprise for astronomers: According to Steiner, different planets move due to the effect of different forces. They do not all travel in ways defined by the force of gravity, for instance (Steiner generally denied that gravity is a real force, anyway.) They are controlled by other forces. And they move in strange ways, describing “lemniscates” (figure eights): “[W]e must realise that each cosmic body which follows such a path (lemniscate) is obviously moved in this path by forces, but each one by forces of a different kind.” [12] No cigar. All of the planets occupy the same sort of space and all move in response to the same forces. The motions of the planets is, sadly, another subject on which Steiner contradicted himself. Go back over the last few quotations. You’ll see that Steiner referred to the orbits of the planets but also to the figure-eight movements of the planets. What can this mean? Steiner often (but, contradicting himself, not always) denied that the planets orbit the Sun. “[W]e can certainly speak of a daily motion of the Earth around her axis, but by no means of a yearly motion of the Earth around the Sun. For the Earth follows the Sun, describing the same path. [paragraph break] Were the Earth revolving round the Sun, we should expect her axis, which owing to its inertia remains parallel, to point in the direction of different fixed stars during this revolution. But it does not! If the Earth revolved round the Sun, the axis could not indicate the direction of the Pole-star, for the point indicated would itself have to revolve round the Pole-star....” [13] Steiner said that the planets move in spirals or helixes (sometimes insisting on a distinction between these shapes, and sometimes not). [14] It may make sense to speak of spiral (or helical) motions of the planets, if we interpret matters just so. But it is nonsense to say that we cannot speak of the Earth going “around the Sun.” The Earth does indeed go around the Sun, and in this Steiner was — as in so much else — simply flat wrong.  Let’s hear Steiner out on the nature of various members of the solar system (oops, sorry — “universe”): The Moon The physical Moon conceals the true, inner, spiritual Moon — inside which some very publicity-shy spirits live. “When we speak of the Moon as a physical body in the heavens, its physical nature is only the external, the most external, revelation of the Spiritual behind it. To those who have knowledge of both its outer and its inner nature, the Moon in our universe presents itself to begin with as a gathering of spiritual Beings living in great seclusion.” [15] The Moon reflects everything that impinges upon it while guarding its own secrets. The occupants of the Moon were once the spiritual guides of humanity, but they left the Earth when the Moon itself separated from the Earth. Now they hold their tongues. “The spiritual Beings peopling this innermost sphere of the Moon are Beings who shut themselves off in strict seclusion from the rest of the universe. They live in their Moon 'fortress' ... If we succeed in fathoming this mystery — I will call it the Moon-mystery of the universe — we realise that these Beings who have now entrenched themselves in the Moon fortress were once the great Teachers of earthly humanity; but all consciousness of the realities, of spirit and soul hidden in this fortress has been lost. What is still transmitted to the Earth from the heavens represents only what the outer surface, the walls, as it were, of the Moon fortress radiate back from the rest of the universe ... [T]he highest wisdom once possessed by the Earth lies concealed within the Moon fortress.” [16] Our loss, obviously. Steiner’s stated goal was to reacquire the lost wisdom as well as all other “mystery” wisdom. This is what “Anthroposophy” (“human wisdom”) is supposed to convey. By the way, note the phrase "earthly humanity." Some humans are not of this Earth. Saturn Saturn is very hung up on “himself” (Steiner referred to Saturn and other planets by their genders). When Saturn appeared his original form, as Old Saturn, he played a crucial role in our evolution. This impressed him so much, he can’t get over it, so he dwells on his former glory and serves as the historian of our universe. “We turn now to Saturn ... [Saturn is] a kind of antithesis to the Moon. [paragraph break] The nature of Saturn is such that he receives many diverse impulses from the universe but allows none of them to stream back — at all events not to the Earth ... Saturn is an entirely self-engrossed heavenly body in our planetary system, raying [i.e., sending] his own being into the universe ... He speaks only of himself, tells us only what he himself is. And what he is reveals itself gradually as a kind of memory of the planetary system.” [17] Like the other planets, Saturn has occupants. The Saturn beings are also hung up on the past. Like Saturn itself, they can seduce us if we are not careful. “[T]he hosts of Beings indwelling Saturn lend their attention to the outer universe, but ... they speak only of past cosmic events. That is why Saturn is like a kaleidoscopic memory of our planetary system. As a faithful informant concerning what has come to pass in the planetary system, he holds its secrets of this kind within himself ... Saturn is the constant tempter of those who listen to his secrets; he tempts them to give little heed to earthly affairs of today and to immerse themselves in what the Earth once was ... Those who have a particular inclination towards Saturn in earthly existence are people who like to be gazing always into the past, who are opposed to progress, who ever and again want to bring back the past. [18] Jupiter Jupiter and his occupants are oriented to the present. As a “thinker,” Jupiter he can help guide our own thinking. But the “thinking” Jupiter enables is not what many of us would call thinking — it is more like intuition, or fantasy, or dreaming. Steiner often said that we can receive wisdom while asleep; turns out, some of this wisdom comes from Jupiter. “Jupiter is the Thinker in our planetary system, and thinking is the activity cultivated by all the Beings in his cosmic domain. Creative thoughts received from the universe radiate to us from Jupiter. Jupiter contains, in the form of thoughts, all the formative forces for the different orders of cosmic Beings. Whereas Saturn tells of the past, Jupiter gives a living portrayal of what is connected with him in the cosmic present ... A man who has tried hard to apply clear thinking to some problem but cannot get to the root of it, will find, if he is patient and works inwardly at it, that the Jupiter powers will actually help him during the night. And many a one who has found a better solution for some problem during the night, as though out of dream ... would have to admit, if he knew the truth, that it is the Jupiter powers who imbue human thinking with mobility and vigour ... Modern man has to depend more upon receiving the memory of Saturn and the wisdom of Jupiter separately in the course of his spiritual development.” [19] We've probably all had the experience of waking up with a new idea in mind, a solution to a problem that bugged us yesterday. The brain does keep working at night, but attributing this to Jupiter is (to put this mildly) a stretch. After our evolution on "Earth" is finished, we will proceed to life on "Jupiter" — not the planet, as such, but the next stage of cosmic development. I discuss this in my essay "Everything". Mars Mars is an interesting planet. It is not the modern manifestation of an ancient spiritual planet in the same sense as Saturn, nor is it the prequel to a future stage of evolution, like Jupiter. There was no Old Mars and there will be no Future or New Mars. Mars is just Mars, although even so it holds surprises. “Mars may be called the great 'Talker' in the planetary system ... Mars is constantly blurting out to the souls in his sphere whatever in the cosmos is accessible to him — which is not everything. Mars ... is particularly active when human beings talk in sleep or in dream ... Mars does little thinking. He has few thinkers, but many talkers, in his sphere. The Mars Spirits are always on the watch for what arises here or there in the universe and then they talk about it with great zest and fervour ... In a certain sense Mars may be called the Agitator in our universe. He is always out to persuade, whereas Jupiter wants only to convince.” [20] Note the phrase "sphere of Mars." After we die, and perhaps at other times, so to speak, we travel to the "sphere" of Mars for spiritual refreshment. We do the same with the "spheres" of other planets, also. I won't go into this now, since spheres and planets are, in a manner of speaking (Steiner's manner), different (except when they aren't). But you may want to consult "The White Lodge". Mars the planet is made of jelly, more or less. It is more alive than the Earth, having a more watery atmosphere. (All of this will come as a great surprise to NASA investigators whose Mars landers have found a dead, dry planet.) “Mars consists primarily of a more or less fluid mass, not as fluid as our water but, shall we say, more like the consistency of jelly, or something of that kind. There are also dense components, but they are not as densely solid as those of our earth. Their consistency would be more comparable to that of the antlers or horns of our animals, which form out of the general mass and dissolve back into it again ... [E]verything on Mars is much more full of life than on the earth. The earth is a dead planet in a far stronger sense than Mars, on which everything is still more or less living. ... The air currents on Mars are much more full of life, much more watery.” [21] Surprisingly, considering that Mars is the planet of war, many Mars beings are quite sweet. Also they circulate through us, as do other “astral” beings: Many Martians are “beneficent beings who, compared even with the mildest human nature, are yet much, much milder — in their speech too, very mild and gentle ... [T]hey inhabit Mars and are in fact the main population — as certain human races are the principal population on our earth ... [Wherever on Earth] love and kindliness prevail, where humanitarianism is unfolded, there you find the mild, gentle Mars beings present as astral creations, taking part in the forces which are there at work. That is nourishment for them, the atmosphere in which they can live and whence they exercise their influence on man ...[T]he preponderance of moon beings or Mars beings ... circling through a man gives his lymph its special character. If more moon beings circulate through his body he is a man who inclines more easily to wrong-doing, irritation, and anger, if more Mars beings, then he is a man who is more inclined to gentleness, kindliness, mildness.” [22] NASA, and American Medical Association, and American Psychiatric Association: Take note. Venus Venus, being a virgin, keeps to herself (yes, Steiner uses the female pronoun). She loves Earth, however, and she listens to Mars. When Mars and Venus are in conjunction, the effects on Earth are unfortunate. “Venus wards off the universe. She is difficult to approach; she does not want to know anything about the universe. Her attitude is that if she were to expose herself to the external universe, she would lose her virginal nature. She is deeply shocked when any impression from the external universe attempts to  There are both good and bad beings on Venus, as on all celestial spheres. Each planet has a genius and a demon, and the various beings on each planet follow one or the other. “[W]e find certain beings who in their own way are also of a mild, peaceable nature and who in a certain respect are extraordinarily clever. These beings ... have their actual home on the planet Venus, as the other beings [find homes] on moon and Mars. On Venus too we find yet a second species of beings who — in contrast to the gentle, amiable kind — present a wild and furious vitality, and whose principal occupation consists in mutual fighting and plunder ... Influences of the Venus beings live in all the plants and naturally also in the animal kingdom [on Earth]. The influences may come on the one hand from the good, gentle, mild Venus beings, or on the other hand, from the wild beings who have been described to you as greedy for plunder and engaged in conflict with each other. According as the one or the other kind work upon our animals and plants, so are virtues or vices built into man's body when the flesh of these animals or the food obtained from these plants are transformed into the chyle [a milky fluid in the body involved in digestion].” [24] After we live on "Jupiter" we will live on "Venus," in a manner of speaking. See "Everything". Mercury Mercury is not particularly interesting in itself, but seen in the context of other celestial orbs, it is highly significant. Certain "Masters" — insiders, beings clued into deep mysteries — live on/in the various planets, including Mercury. “We come next to Mercury. In contrast to the other planets, Mercury is not interested in things of a physical, material nature as such, but in whatever is capable of co-ordination. Mercury is the domain of the Masters of co-ordinative thinking; Jupiter, the habitation of the Masters of wisdom-filled thinking ... Mercury provides the forces for capacities of intellect and reason, especially of intellect. The Masters of the forces of co-ordinative knowledge and mental activity have their habitation in Mercury. [paragraph break] There is a remarkable connection between these planets and the life and being of man. The Moon ... builds and fashions the outer form, the body of man. It is therefore by the Moon that the forces of heredity are incorporated in his bodily constitution ... [S]cience speaks under the influence of the demonic Mars-forces and has not even begun to approach the real mysteries of heredity ... Venus and Mercury bring into the human being the karmic element that is connected more with the life of soul and spirit and comes to expression in his qualities of heart and in his temperament. On the other hand. Mars, and especially Jupiter and Saturn when a man has a right relationship with them, act as liberating factors. They wrest man away from what is determined by destiny and make him into a free being ... Mars, Jupiter and Saturn may also be called the liberating planets; they give man freedom. On the other hand, Venus, Mercury and the Moon may be called the destiny-determining planets.” [25] Circling back to the Moon for a moment: "The Moon ... builds and fashions the outer form, the body of man." Actually, Jehovah did this. Jehovah is not God — he is a Moon Being (Jews mistakenly worship him; theirs is a Moon religion, Steiner explained). Jehovah, using his Moon forces, created the physical form of mankind. Take a peek at "Clairvoyant Vision", "Steiner's Bile", and "The White Lodge".  Vulcan Vulcan does not exist. But some, such as Steiner, don’t grasp this. To them, Vulcan is the most mysterious member of our solar system. It may be Mercury, or it may be another planet, hidden by Mercury, or something else. It is so near the Sun that we can’t see it (it may hide behind the Sun). Yet it is real, and it will become our final evolutionary stage. In the past, when humans dispersed to the various planets, some went to Vulcan. And today, Vulcan beings (the nonhuman occupants of Vulcan) are already here, among us. According to Steiner: “You will remember the passage in the book OCCULT SCIENCE dealing with the time when the human souls ascended to the planets and afterwards descended once more to earth-existence. I spoke of how the Mars-men, the Jupiter-men and the others descended again to earth. Now an event of great significance came to pass at the end of the seventies of last century [i.e., the 1870s]. It is an event that can be described only in the light of facts which are revealed to us in the spiritual world. Whereas in the days of old Atlantis human beings came down to the earth from Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, and so on — that is to say, beings of soul were drawn into the realm of earth-existence — since the end of the seventies of last century, other Beings — not of the human order — have been descending to the earth for the purposes of their further development. From cosmic realms beyond the earth they come down to the earth and enter into a definite relationship with human beings. Since the eighties of the nineteenth century, super-earthly Beings have been seeking to enter the sphere of earth-existence. Just as the Vulcan-men were the last to come down to the earth so now Vulcan Beings are actually coming into the realm of earthly existence ... [This is a serious matter:] Super-earthly Beings are already here, and the fact that we are able to have a connected body of Spiritual Science at all today is due to the circumstance that Beings from beyond the earth are bringing the messages from the spiritual world down into earth-existence ... Today people may consider it comparatively harmless to elaborate only those automatic, lifeless thoughts which arise in connection with the mineral world and the mineral nature of plant, animal and man. Materialists revel in such thoughts which are — well — thoughts and nothing more. But try to imagine what will happen if men go on unfolding no other kinds of thoughts until the time is reached in the eighth millennium for the moon-existence to unite again with the earth. These Beings of whom I have spoken will gradually come down to the earth. Vulcan Beings, ‘Supermen’ of Vulcan, ‘Supermen’ of Venus, of Mercury, of the Sun, will unite with this earth-existence. But if human beings persist in nothing but opposition to them, earth-existence will pass over into chaos in the course of the next few thousand years. [26] I'll bet you didn't know these facts, did you? ◊◊◊◊
Steiner also spoke of Uranus and Neptune, but he basically excluded them from the solar system, so this concludes our planetary tour. Be sure to take your things with you as we now exit the planetarium. ◊◊◊◊
Our little survey is necessarily incomplete. Bear the following in mind (such as when thinking about Vulcan, perhaps): "There are many planets that are not to be seen with physical eyes, such as those in the first, second, and third elementary kingdoms. Only when such a planet within creation enters the mineral kingdom can it be seen." [27] — Roger Rawlings  The images above depict conditions for human beings when, according to Steiner, the Earth was inside the Sun (left), and now when the Sun and Earth are separate (right). “[T]he sun's influence keeps human beings small ... Now that the sun is separate, the earth receives far less radiation from it. When the sun was still united with the earth, all its forces reached the earth from within. No wonder that now, as the sun rotates, it can shine upon a human being at every point on the earth, but in ancient times, when it had to send out its rays from the centre of the earth, it was able to project its forces upon only one human being. Once the sun began to work out at the periphery, it made human beings smaller.” [Rudolf Steiner, FROM CRYSTALS TO CROCODILES (Rudolf Steiner Press, 2002), pp. 162-163. R.R. sketch, 2009, based on the image on p. 162. My color choices indicate that the Sun was inside the Earth; but Steiner also said the opposite: “If this is the earth, which I am drawing very small, and if that is the sun, with the earth in it...” (p. 163). His point was that the Earth, the Sun, and indeed all the solar system was at that time a single globe.] Various parts of the quotation make no sense — such as saying that the Sun shines on all people because it rotates, or that the Sun causes people to be small. Still, on this occasion Steiner made sense about the movement of the Earth today. He said the Earth orbits the Sun. “Here is the sun and there is the earth, which rotates around the former..." (p. 163). Good. But Steiner didn't leave well enough alone. On other occasions, he said that the Earth does not orbit the Sun: “[W]e can certainly speak of a daily motion of the Earth around her axis, but by no means of a yearly motion of the Earth around the Sun. For the Earth follows the Sun, describing the same path. [paragraph break] Were the Earth revolving round the Sun, we should expect her axis, which owing to its inertia remains parallel, to point in the direction of different fixed stars during this revolution. But it does not! If the Earth revolved round the Sun, the axis could not indicate the direction of the Pole-star, for the point indicated would itself have to revolve round the Pole-star....” [Rudolf Steiner, MAN - HIEROGLYPH OF THE UNIVERSE (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1972).] Here is a copy of another sketch Steiner made, in this case illustrating for Waldorf teachers the "actual" movement of the planets and Sun. The planets travel in line with the Sun, along a twisting path. Saturn (blue) leads, the Sun (yellow) is in the middle, and the Earth (green) brings up the rear. Neptune and Uranus are not really members of the solar system and thus are not included. Seen from above, the twisting line describes a lemniscate (mottled blue).  "[I]t is not that the planets move around the Sun, but these three, Mercury, Venus, and the Earth, follow the Sun, and these three, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, precede it.” [Rudolf Steiner, FACULTY MEETINGS WITH RUDOLF STEINER (Anthroposophic Press, 1998), pp. 30-31. R.R. sketch, 2008, based on the illustration in the book.] The zodiac is an imaginary belt girdling the ecliptic, within which the moon and planets are seen to move against the background of distant stars. Steiner included zodiacal symbols (such as are shown here) in numerous sketches illustrating his lectures. [Alighieri, Dante LA VITA NUOVA (1910).] Image painted by a Waldorf student. Talismanic spheres are often found in Waldorf art. One term for a major stage of human evolution is "globe." We have lived "on" the Sun and other celestial bodies or during such globes, or so it is said. Speculative image of Pluto and its satellite. Steiner generally ignored all members of the solar system beyond Jupiter. He did, however, accept (in some form or other) the existence of a nonexistent planet: Vulcan. [NASA.] ENDNOTES
[1] See my essay “Everything” and the essays that follow it. Depending on context, Steiner may use the name of a planet for the planet, or for a stage of evolution, or for the "sphere" or "globe" of the planet — a spiritual region corresponding to the space enclosed by the apparent orbit of the planet. [2] Rudolf Steiner, WONDERS OF THE WORLD (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1983), p. 77. [3] Rudolf Steiner, AT THE GATES OF SPIRITUAL SCIENCE, Lecture IX, “Evolution of the Earth” 30th August, 1906 http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/19060830p01.html [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Rudolf Steiner, OCCULT HISTORY (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1982), p. 36. [9] Rudolf Steiner, OCCULT SIGNS AND SYMBOLS (Anthroposophic Press, 1972), p. 11. [10] Rudolf Steiner, MAN - HIEROGLYPH OF THE UNIVERSE (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1972) http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/ManHiero/19200502p01.html
[11] Ibid. To be precise, the real universe consists of four dimensions: height, width, depth, and time. String theory postulates many additional dimensions, but these remain speculative. In any event, all planets occupy the same sort of space, the universal space, however many dimensions this ultimately comprises. [12] Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] See my essay “Steiner’s Illogic.” [15] Rudolf Steiner, “The Spiritual Individualities of the Planets”, lecture on 27th July, 1923, http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/SpInPl_index.html [16] Ibid. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Ibid. [20] Ibid. [21] Rudolf Steiner, THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH AND MAN AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE STARS (Anthroposophic Press, 1987), Lecture X, 9th September 1924, http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/19240909p01.html;mark=72,58,63#WN_mark [22] Rudolf Steiner, “The Influence of Spiritual Beings on Man”, Lecture I, 6th January 1906, http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/19080106p01.html [23] “The Spiritual Individualities of the Planets”. [24] “The Influence of Spiritual Beings on Man”. [25] “The Spiritual Individualities of the Planets”. [26] Rudolf Steiner, "Picture of Earth-Evolution in the Future", lecture, Dornach, May 13th, 1921 http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/PicEar_index.html [27] OCCULT SIGNS AND SYMBOLS, pp. 40-41. Detail, Waldorf student art. |