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An Analysis of South Indian Female Names found in Donors, Devotees and Daughters of God

Originally posted 10/11/03

This article in an attempt to further analyze a selection of names of temple women found in South Indian inscriptions. They are primarily Tamil in origin, and are from pre-14th century sources.

The source from these names is Donors, Devotees and Daughters of God by Leslie C. Orr.

The source was chosen not only because of my personal access to a copy, but also because in many cases Ms. Orr has done her own translation, and often provides contextual, translated paragraphs. In all cases the woman named has an indicated relationship with a known temple. In several cases the names are given in context with the names of family members.

Where available, I've provided dates of the inscriptions the name can be found in. However, given the narrow focus both of Ms. Orr's book and my own research, it can be safely assumed that the names would be appropriate to a South Indian temple woman of the 10th to 14th centuries.

Notes on pre- and suffixes in names
In many cases it is not clear whether a specific identifier is a title bestowed by a temple or member of the ruling class, or if it is simply a casual identifier.

In the case of 'nakkan', it seems more likely that it is an occupational identifier, much like "Bob the Smith". The frequency and casual usage seems to imply that this is more likely the case than it being a title that has been bestowed by some superior.

The suffix 'talaikkoli' seems to have a bit more nobility. The Online Tamil Lexicon (hereafter referred to as 'otl') defines it thus:
talaikkOli dancing woman who is an adept in her profession
Seen much less frequently than 'nakkan', it implies that those bearing it have excelled in their art and gained the respect of their peers in that fashion.

The Names

Name Date Meaning
Irajacuntari

Matanti
otl mataNTi mataNTi Indian pennywort
Nacci
otl nAcciyAr nAcciyAr 1. lady; queen; mistress; 2. goddess; 3. the Vais2n2ava female saint of Sri1villiputttu1r
otl nAcci nAcci lady, mistress
Alutainacci

Celvi
otl celvi celvi 1. laks2mi, as Goddess of wealth; 2. wealthy woman; 3. lady or rank; 4. daughter
Cokki

Nakkan Piratamatevi alias Mumuticolat-talaikkoli
('pirata' in other examples seems to imply 'first' or 'beginning' as well as 'senior') otl mAtEvi mAtEvi 1. Pa1rvati1; 2. queen; 3. purple Indian water lily ('mumUT' or 'mumU' seems to have something to do with 'salvation' or 'renunciation') ('cola' might imply a connection with the Cholas)
Nakkan Cani
otl cANi cANi 02 sharpwitted woman
Ariyapiratti Utaiyap-perumal
otl uTaiya uTaiya particle of the gentive (TLS)
otl perumAL perumAL 1. person of eminence; 2. title of Ce1ra king; 3. Vis2n2u; 4. God
Nakkan Centalvi alias Virabharana-talaikkoli

Nakkan Kavatiyakkan

Nakkan Vicciyakkan

Ekampam
Ekampam is another name for Kancheepuram
Kancipura-nankai
Kancipura is another term/spelling of the important Kancheepuram temple
Vitivitanka-mannikam

Tillaivanam-utaiyal Matatilli
'tillai' is a species of mangrove tree. Tillaivanam may be another name of Kancheepuram. '-utaiyal' is the feminine or 'utaiyar' meaning 'lord'. It is more likely that this name implies the name of the 'lord of Tillaivanam', rather than lord/ladyship on the part of the bearer. Matatilli appears to be a given name. This may be one of the few examples of a byname attached to a personal name.
Tukkai
Tamil name for Durga
Kali
Same as Sanskrit Kali
Catti
Tamil name for Sakti/Shakti
Umai
Tamil name for Goddess Uma
Alutaiya-nacciyar
Goddess name
Palliyarai-nacciyar
Goddess name
Urutaiyaperumal-nankai
Goddess name
Cikarana-manikkam

Venuvanapperumal