Originally posted 10/11/03This article in an attempt to further analyze a selection of names of temple
women found in South Indian inscriptions. They are primarily Tamil in origin,
and are from pre-14th century sources.
The source from these names is Donors, Devotees and Daughters of God
by Leslie C. Orr.
The source was chosen not only because of my personal access to a copy, but
also because in many cases Ms. Orr has done her own translation, and often
provides contextual, translated paragraphs. In all cases the woman named has an
indicated relationship with a known temple. In several cases the names are given
in context with the names of family members.
Where available, I've provided dates of the inscriptions the name can be
found in. However, given the narrow focus both of Ms. Orr's book and my own
research, it can be safely assumed that the names would be appropriate to a
South Indian temple woman of the 10th to 14th centuries.
Notes on pre- and suffixes in names In many cases it is not clear
whether a specific identifier is a title bestowed by a temple or member of the
ruling class, or if it is simply a casual identifier.
In the case of 'nakkan', it seems more likely that it is an occupational
identifier, much like "Bob the Smith". The frequency and casual usage seems to
imply that this is more likely the case than it being a title that has been
bestowed by some superior.
The suffix 'talaikkoli' seems to have a bit more nobility. The Online
Tamil Lexicon (hereafter referred to as 'otl') defines it
thus: talaikkOli dancing woman who is an adept in her profession
Seen much less frequently than 'nakkan', it implies that those bearing it
have excelled in their art and gained the respect of their peers in that
fashion.
The Names
| Name |
Date |
Meaning |
| Irajacuntari |
|
|
| Matanti |
|
otl mataNTi mataNTi Indian pennywort |
| Nacci |
|
otl nAcciyAr nAcciyAr 1. lady; queen; mistress; 2. goddess; 3. the
Vais2n2ava female saint of Sri1villiputttu1r otl nAcci nAcci lady,
mistress |
| Alutainacci |
|
|
| Celvi |
|
otl celvi celvi 1. laks2mi, as Goddess of wealth; 2. wealthy woman; 3.
lady or rank; 4. daughter |
| Cokki |
|
|
| Nakkan Piratamatevi alias Mumuticolat-talaikkoli |
|
('pirata' in other examples seems to imply 'first' or 'beginning' as
well as 'senior') otl mAtEvi mAtEvi 1. Pa1rvati1; 2. queen; 3. purple
Indian water lily ('mumUT' or 'mumU' seems to have something to do with
'salvation' or 'renunciation') ('cola' might imply a connection with the
Cholas) |
| Nakkan Cani |
|
otl cANi cANi 02 sharpwitted woman |
| Ariyapiratti Utaiyap-perumal |
|
otl uTaiya uTaiya particle of the gentive (TLS) otl perumAL
perumAL 1. person of eminence; 2. title of Ce1ra king; 3. Vis2n2u; 4. God
|
| Nakkan Centalvi alias Virabharana-talaikkoli |
|
|
| Nakkan Kavatiyakkan |
|
|
| Nakkan Vicciyakkan |
|
|
| Ekampam |
|
Ekampam is another name for Kancheepuram |
| Kancipura-nankai |
|
Kancipura is another term/spelling of the important Kancheepuram
temple |
| Vitivitanka-mannikam |
|
|
| Tillaivanam-utaiyal Matatilli |
|
'tillai' is a species of mangrove tree. Tillaivanam may be another
name of Kancheepuram. '-utaiyal' is the feminine or 'utaiyar' meaning
'lord'. It is more likely that this name implies the name of the 'lord of
Tillaivanam', rather than lord/ladyship on the part of the bearer.
Matatilli appears to be a given name. This may be one of the few examples
of a byname attached to a personal name. |
| Tukkai |
|
Tamil name for Durga |
| Kali |
|
Same as Sanskrit Kali |
| Catti |
|
Tamil name for Sakti/Shakti |
| Umai |
|
Tamil name for Goddess Uma |
| Alutaiya-nacciyar |
|
Goddess name |
| Palliyarai-nacciyar |
|
Goddess name |
| Urutaiyaperumal-nankai |
|
Goddess name |
| Cikarana-manikkam |
|
|
| Venuvanapperumal |
|
|
|