UNIT 5

Graffiti

PERTEMUAN KE 1 ( FIRST MEETING )

Expository text.

1. Social Function of Expository Text

The social function of an expository text is to inform, explain, or describe a topic or concept clearly and logically. The purpose is to provide the reader with factual information, explanations, or directions. Expository texts are commonly used in academic writing, reports, guides, or any content where explaining a process, idea, or argument is necessary. It’s meant to educate or enhance the reader’s understanding of a subject.

For example:

A science article explaining climate change.
An instruction manual on how to operate a machine.
A research paper detailing findings on a specific topic.

2. Generic Structure of Expository Text

Expository texts follow a clear and structured format that aids in delivering information logically.

The typical generic structure consists of three main parts:

1. Thesis/Introduction (Introduction)

This section introduces the topic and outlines the main idea or argument. It sets the stage for the detailed explanation that follows.

2. Explanation (Body)

This is the core part of the text where the main points are elaborated on. It explains the topic in detail, provides facts, examples, and sometimes steps or processes. The explanation may be broken down into several paragraphs, each focusing on different aspects of the topic.

3. Conclusion (Conclusion)

In this section, the writer summarizes the key points or restates the thesis. Sometimes, the writer may offer recommendations, predictions, or a final statement that wraps up the text.

3. Language Features of Expository Text

The language used in expository texts is clear, formal, and objective. The key features include:

Factual and Objective Language: Expository writing uses facts, statistics, and evidence to support the explanation. The tone is neutral, aiming for clarity and accuracy rather than emotional appeal.
Formal Language: It typically avoids colloquial language and slang, opting for more formal word choices.
Use of Connectors: Transitional words and phrases like "for example", "therefore", "because", "in conclusion", and "as a result" help in connecting ideas and guiding the reader through the explanation.
Use of Present Tense: Expository texts usually use present tense to state facts and general truths.
Clear Definitions and Terminology: Often, technical terms or specialized vocabulary related to the topic are defined or explained to ensure the reader understands them.
Passive Voice: Expository texts often use passive voice to focus more on the information rather than the subject doing the action.

Example of Expository Text

Title: The Water Cycle: Understanding the Process of Water Movement in Nature

Introduction (Thesis)
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. This natural process plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of Earth's ecosystems, weather patterns, and freshwater supply.

Body (Explanation)
The water cycle consists of several stages: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.

Evaporation: Water from oceans, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water is heated by the sun and turns into water vapor. This vapor rises into the atmosphere.
Condensation: As the water vapor rises, it cools down and changes back into tiny droplets, forming clouds. This process is called condensation.
Precipitation: When the clouds get too heavy with water, the droplets fall to Earth as precipitation. Precipitation can be in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, depending on the temperature and atmospheric conditions.
Collection: After precipitation, water is collected in oceans, rivers, lakes, or infiltrates the ground to become groundwater. This water will eventually evaporate again, continuing the cycle.

Each stage of the water cycle is crucial to sustaining life on Earth, as it helps distribute water across the planet and maintain the health of ecosystems.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the water cycle is a vital process that ensures the circulation of water, supporting all forms of life. By understanding this cycle, we can better appreciate the natural world and the importance of preserving clean water for future generations.

Summary

Social Function: To inform, explain, and clarify a topic or concept to the reader.
Generic Structure:
- Introduction (Thesis)
- Explanation (Body)
- Conclusion
Language Features:
- Objective and factual tone
- Use of formal language
- Connectors to link ideas
- Present tense and passive voice
- Definitions and technical terms

Expository Text

Expository text adalah jenis teks yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi atau menjelaskan sesuatu secara jelas dan rinci. Teks ini menyampaikan fakta, penjelasan, dan argumen untuk menjelaskan topik tertentu kepada pembaca. Expository text sering digunakan dalam berbagai konteks seperti artikel ilmiah, laporan, manual, dan berbagai jenis teks yang bertujuan untuk memberi pengetahuan.

1. Social Function (Fungsi Sosial)

Fungsi sosial dari expository text adalah untuk memberikan informasi, penjelasan, atau instruksi kepada pembaca secara objektif dan jelas. Teks ini bertujuan agar pembaca dapat memahami topik tertentu dengan lebih baik. Misalnya, dalam sebuah artikel ilmiah, teks ini akan mengedukasi pembaca tentang suatu fenomena atau teori yang terkait dengan bidang ilmu tertentu.

2. Generic Structure (Struktur Teks)

Struktur generic dari expository text terdiri dari beberapa bagian utama yang membantu menyampaikan informasi secara sistematis. Umumnya, expository text memiliki struktur berikut:

Thesis/Introduction (Pendahuluan)
Pada bagian ini, penulis akan memperkenalkan topik yang akan dijelaskan. Ini merupakan bagian yang memaparkan tujuan atau argumen utama teks. Biasanya, di bagian ini, pembaca diberi gambaran umum tentang isu atau masalah yang akan dibahas.
Explanation (Penjelasan atau Penguraian)
Di bagian ini, penulis memberikan penjelasan yang lebih mendalam mengenai topik yang telah diperkenalkan di bagian pendahuluan. Penulis menjelaskan fakta, proses, atau prosedur terkait topik tersebut dengan cara yang sistematis dan rinci. Bagian ini sering kali berisi rincian, definisi, langkah-langkah, atau contoh-contoh yang membantu pembaca memahami topik lebih baik.
Conclusion (Kesimpulan)
Pada bagian ini, penulis memberikan ringkasan atau kesimpulan yang memperkuat argumen atau penjelasan yang telah disampaikan sebelumnya. Tidak semua expository text membutuhkan kesimpulan, namun biasanya ada untuk menegaskan kembali poin utama atau memberikan rekomendasi atau saran.

3. Language Features (Ciri Bahasa)

Ciri bahasa dari expository text adalah bahasa yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi secara objektif, formal, dan jelas. Beberapa ciri bahasa dalam expository text antara lain:

Fakta dan Data
Expository text sering kali mengandung fakta atau data yang didukung oleh bukti atau referensi yang jelas. Fakta ini digunakan untuk memperjelas argumen atau penjelasan yang diberikan.
Bahasa yang Objektif dan Formal
Teks ini cenderung menggunakan bahasa yang tidak memihak atau bias. Gaya bahasa yang digunakan biasanya formal dan tidak bersifat subjektif atau emosional.
Kalimat Penjelasan
Kalimat-kalimat yang digunakan bersifat penjelas dan sering kali menggunakan konjungsi atau kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab-akibat, seperti "because", "therefore", "for example", dll.
Penggunaan Definisi dan Terminologi Khusus
Expository text sering kali menggunakan istilah-istilah teknis atau terminologi khusus yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dibahas. Penggunaan kata-kata ini penting untuk memperjelas informasi yang disampaikan.
Kalimat Aktif
Expository text cenderung menggunakan kalimat aktif untuk menyampaikan informasi dengan lebih langsung dan efisien.

Contoh Expository Text

Judul: Proses Fotosintesis pada Tumbuhan

Pendahuluan
Fotosintesis adalah proses penting yang terjadi pada tumbuhan, di mana tumbuhan mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi kimia dalam bentuk glukosa. Proses ini sangat penting untuk keberlanjutan kehidupan di bumi karena menyediakan makanan bagi tumbuhan itu sendiri serta bagi makhluk hidup lainnya yang bergantung pada tumbuhan.

Penjelasan
Pada dasarnya, fotosintesis terjadi di dalam daun tumbuhan, tepatnya di kloroplas yang mengandung klorofil. Klorofil menyerap cahaya matahari dan menggunakannya untuk mengubah karbon dioksida (CO2) dari udara dan air (H2O) dari tanah menjadi glukosa (C6H12O6), yang merupakan sumber energi bagi tumbuhan. Proses ini juga menghasilkan oksigen (O2) sebagai produk sampingan yang dilepaskan ke atmosfer.

Reaksi kimia fotosintesis dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut:
[ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{cahaya matahari} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ]
Fotosintesis terdiri dari dua tahap utama, yaitu tahap terang dan tahap gelap. Pada tahap terang, energi matahari digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi kimia dalam bentuk ATP dan NADPH. Pada tahap gelap, ATP dan NADPH digunakan untuk mengubah karbon dioksida menjadi glukosa melalui siklus Calvin.

Kesimpulan
Fotosintesis adalah proses yang vital untuk kehidupan di bumi. Tanpa fotosintesis, tidak ada sumber utama energi bagi organisme yang bergantung pada tumbuhan. Proses ini tidak hanya menghasilkan glukosa yang digunakan oleh tumbuhan untuk tumbuh, tetapi juga oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh hampir semua makhluk hidup di bumi untuk bernapas.

Ringkasan

Fungsi Sosial: Menyediakan informasi yang jelas dan faktual kepada pembaca.
Struktur Teks: Pendahuluan (Thesis), Penjelasan (Explanation), dan Kesimpulan (Conclusion).
Ciri Bahasa: Fakta, objektif, formal, definisi, terminologi teknis, dan kalimat aktif.

Expository text digunakan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam mengenai topik tertentu dengan cara yang terstruktur dan mudah dipahami.

PERTEMUAN KE 2 ( SECOND MEETING )

The term graffiti comes from the Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ‘to write’. People have always drawn and painted on walls. Prehistoric man painted on the walls of caves, and those paintings are now considered valuable works of art. Graffiti was first found in ancient Roman architecture.

If people draw on walls these days, it isn’t considered art; it is called ‘graffiti’ and often cleaned off as soon as possible. Graffiti art takes a number of forms. It can be an individual mark, usually just the initials of the artist, or something much larger, like a mural. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or maker is called a ‘tag’, and each piece of graffiti art is ‘tagged’. Communities of writers who are friends are known as ‘crews’, and inexperienced writers are called ‘toys’.

For some artists graffiti is a reaction to the circumstances of their lives, while for others it is a more thought-out artistic expression. The motivation behind a piece of graffiti can be happiness or sadness, frustration or relief. For this reason it is an art form that is very close to the hearts of the young.

Graffiti as a youth culture began in America but has become popular in many other countries. Its influences come from pop culture, especially music and cartoons. Graffiti is now so popular; it can be seen in many museums and art galleries.

UNIT 5 LKPD 1

PERTEMUAN KE 3 ( THIRD MEETING )

Why Should Graffiti be Considered Art?

In this article, I will explain why graffiti is art, and I will explain how graffiti is essential in our culture. There are some reasons why graffiti shows us the potential that life has to offer.

First, graffiti enables the public to see something they may have never seen before. It connects them to the artist, and the artist gets to know that their work is loved and affects those who see it. They can take a simple old building or any piece of art on the side of a building and turn it into a masterpiece by putting their mark on it. The artists who paint graffiti have made this art form what it is today. Graffiti artists can change the meaning of what they are drawing to the public.

Second, graffiti has the power to affect people positively. The people who create it are expressing themselves. They are expressing their artistic abilities and their voices through a canvas. Their voices are the voices of our future. You can tell the quality of a person’s painting by the audience that they are drawing. People will stand and watch you paint for hours. Many times, they will stand and look, never once moving from their spots. People will then tell you how much they like it and share their thoughts and opinions. The artists are no longer making art for themselves.

The last reason why graffiti is an art is because of its uniqueness. Graffiti can be made with many different materials, but its most common form is made by applying paint to a building’s wall. Graffiti is made by someone utterly other than the artist, which means no two pieces are the same. Graffiti is a form of expression because it gives the reader or viewer the chance to see something different from their everyday life. Graffiti art is not meant to be understood by everyone, but everyone is meant to be appreciated.

Thus, as part of the existing society, every person must strive to educate themselves of the origins of graffiti and how it has evolved to this very day. A stock of knowledge doesn’t hurt; instead, it is a door that leads to understanding and more positivity.

Adapted from: https://theartbay.com/why-should-graiti-be-considered-art/

(Retrieved March 5, 2022)

UNIT 5 LKPD 2

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