Methods of waste management include:

• using landfills

• combusting

• composting

• recycling

Matter is the substance of which physical objects are composed. It can be solid, liquid or gas

The particle model of matter states that heating matter makes particles move faster.

As particles move faster, the space between them increases.

A phase change is a change from one state of matter to another.

Scientists use a centigrade scale to measure temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).

The Celsius scale is based on the changes of state of water and defines 0°C as the melting/freezing point of water and 100°C as the boiling point of water.

The faster particles move, the higher the temperature of a substance.

The design of temperature tools, including thermometers, is based on the expansion and contraction of matter.

A thermometer measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid using a scale.

Water has the unusual property of having greater volume in solid form than in liquid form.

Because of water’s unusual property, it is less dense in solid form than in liquid form.

The surface of bodies of water freezes when temperatures drop below the freezing point of water.

The frozen surface of bodies of water forms an insulating sheet of ice that protects aquatic life.

A material’s response to temperature change requires consideration when designing infrastructure, including

• sidewalks

• bridges

• roads

Thermal expansion is the typical response materials have to heating.

During a change of state, the volume of the material may change but the mass remains constant.

Classroom Chemistry Grade 5 Science • Molecules are attached and bunched together in a “solid” form. • Doesn’t change shape easily. • Another solid cannot pass through easily Liquid • Molecules fill the space of the container they are in. • They can shape easily. • A solid can pass through it. Gas • Molecules freely move around. They are not closely bound together. • Changes shape easily • A solid can pass through it easily. Changes of State • Solid to Liquid- Melting • Liquid to Solid- Freezing • Liquid to Gas- Evaporation • Gas to Liquid- Condensation Mixtures • Matter can generally be mixed with other types of matter. • A mixture is when particles of one substance mixes with particles of another substance. They are generally pure substances.

Where do we see mixtures? • Examples: recipes, construction-concrete, water, lemonade, salad dressings. • Separating Mixtures • How can you separate substances from a mixture? • • Methods of Separating: sieves, magnets, air, water, evaporation, distilling, filtering Separating Mixtures • In groups, complete • See if you can separate the mixture you are given. Methods of Separating • Sieves: can be used to separate solids. • Magnets: can pick magnetic objects, from non-magnetic. Methods of Separating • Air: you can blow away lighter substances, to leave heavier ones. • Water: some substances will float or sink based on their buoyancy. Methods of Separating • Evaporation: evaporate the liquid and leave the solid. • Distilling: the processing of vaporizing into gas and then condensing back into a liquid Methods of Separating • Filtration: using a filter and pouring the liquid through to separate the solid. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips /ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes.shtml Mixing Liquids • Some liquids mix completely and are unable to be separated. eg: Milk and Tea • Some liquids do not dissolve in others and are more buoyant. eg: oil and water • Some liquids are heavier, less buoyant and settle on the bottom. eg: syrup Mixing Liquids • Some liquids react to each other. Eg: vinegar and milk. • Some liquids are able to dissolve solids, while some are not. • Lemonade is an example of a liquid mixture. Activity: Layering Liquids • Why were the liquids able to be layered and not mixed? • Try mixing two different liquids, record your observations. Lifesaver Experiment • BLM #6 and 7 • Observe how long the lifesaver takes to dissolve • The lifesaver dissolved into the water • Dissolve is when a solid crumbles into a liquid. • Can you make it dissolve faster? Lifesaver Experiment: Inferences • Manipulated Variable- • Responding Variable- amount of time it will take to dissolve a lifesaver. Solutions • A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is uniformly distributed throughout the solvent. • Solute- The substance that is being dissolved in a solution. • Solvent- the substance that does the dissolving in a solution Suspension • A mixture in which very small particles of a solid remain suspended without dissolving. • Heterogeneous Mixture- when one substance is unevenly mixed with another. Separating Solutions • Filtering • Pouring off the liquid • Evaporation • Solution to Recovery Activity Crystals • We can recover a dissolved substance by evaporation. • We can create crystals when the liquid evaporates. Surface Tension • Water droplets are round and shaped like balloons • The film that forms on the surface of the water is called surface tension. • Surface tension is due to cohesion. An attraction of the molecules in water. Surface Tension • Water is very cohesive. The water molecules act like glue. • Penny Challenge • Paper Clip Why was the water able to bulge up? Surface tension-cohesion of water molecules. Carbon Dioxide • Air is composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases like carbon dioxide, water vapour, helium, etc. • We breath oxygen. • Carbon Dioxide is the gas we breath out. That is formed from burning fuel. • Carbon dioxide is heavier than oxygen • Gas in a Bag activity. BLM #12 Reversible and Irreversible Changes • Reversible changes can go back to their original state. • Irreversible changes cannot go back to their original state. Chemical Reaction • These are changes where two substances react chemically and they make a new substance. • Testing Powders Activity • BLM 13 and 15 Acids and Bases • An acid is substance that has ph less than 7 • A base is a substance that has a ph greater than 7. • Neutral has a ph of 7 • Both acids and bases are potentially harmful and they eat away at other substances. Litmus Paper • Litmus paper is used to determine if a liquid is acidic or basic • Red Paper- acid stays red, base turns it blue • Blue Paper- acid turns it red, base stays blue. • Neutral- blue paper stays blue, red paper stays red.