The soil separates are defined in terms of diameter (in millimeters) of the particles. Soil particles >2 mm in diameter are excluded from soil textural determinations. Particles less than 2 mm are called fine earth, normally considered in chemical and mechanical analysis. The size limits of these fractions have been established by various organizations. There are a number of systems of naming soil separates.
The American system developed by United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)
The English system or British system developed by British Standard Institute (BSI )
The International system developed by International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)
European system
i) USDA
Soil Separates Diameter (mm)
Clay <0.002
Silt 0.002-0.05
Very Fine Sand 0.05-0.10
Fine Sand 0.10-0.25
Medium Sand 0.25-0.50
Coarse Sand 0.50-1.00
Very Coarse Sand 1.00-2.00
ii)BSI
Soil separates Diameter (mm)
Clay < 0.002
Fine Silt 0.002 – 0.01
Medium silt 0.01 – 0.04
Coarse Silt 0.04 – 0.06
Fine Sand 0.06 - 0.20
Medium Sand 0.20 - 1.00
Coarse Sand 1.00 – 2.00
iii) ISSS
Soil separates Diameter (mm)
Clay < 0.002
Silt 0.002 – 0.02
Fine sand 0.02 – 0.2
Coarse sand 0.2 – 2.0
iv) European System
Soil separates Diameter (mm)
Fine clay < 0.0002
Medium clay 0.0002 – 0.0006
Coarse clay 0.0006 – 0.002
Fine silt 0.002 – 0.006
Medium silt 0.006 – 0.02
Coarse silt 0.02 – 0.06
Fine sand 0.06 – 0.20
Medium sand 0.20 – 0.60
Coarse sand 0.60 – 2.00
Clay:
Knowledge on Texture is important
It is a guide to the value of the land
Land use capability and methods of soil management depends on Text