อ้างอิง

อ้างอิง

• ↑ Plunkett 2012, p. 2.

• ↑ Hewitt, Martin (Spring 2006). "Why the Notion of Victorian Britain Does Make Sense". Victorian Studies. 48 (3): 395–438. doi:10.2979/VIC.2006.48.3.395. S2CID 143482564. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 30 October 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 May 2017.

• ↑ Sadleir, Michael (1945). Trollope. p. 17.

• ↑ Sadleir, Michael (1945). Trollope. pp. 18–19.

• ↑ Sadleir, Michael (1945). Trollope. pp. 13 and 32.

• ↑ Michael, Sadleir (1945). Trollope. pp. 25–30.

• ↑ Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1926). History of England. Longmans, Green and Co. pp. 650. OCLC 433219629.

• ↑ Swisher, Clarice (2000). Victorian England. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. pp. 248–250. ISBN 9780737702217.

• ↑ Anstey, Thomas Chisholm (1867). Notes Upon "the Representation of the People Act, '1867.'" (30 & 31 Vict. C. 102.): With Appendices Concerning the Antient Rights, the Rights Conferred by the 2 & 3 Will. IV C. 45, Population, Rental, Rating, and the Operation of the Repealed Enactments as to Compound Householders (ภาษาอังกฤษ). W. Ridgway. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 11 May 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 May 2023.

• ↑ Kinzer, Bruce L (2011). "Elections and the Franchise". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 253–255. ISBN 9780415669726.

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• 11.0 11.1 11.2 National Geographic (2007). Essential Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. pp. 290–292. ISBN 978-1-4262-0091-5.

• ↑ Kinealy, Christine (1994). This Great Calamity. Gill & Macmillan. p. xv. ISBN 9781570981401.

• ↑ Lusztig, Michael (July 1995). "Solving Peel's Puzzle: Repeal of the Corn Laws and Institutional Preservation". Comparative Politics. 27 (4): 393–408. doi:10.2307/422226. JSTOR 422226.

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• 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Livingston Schuyler, Robert (September 1941). "The Cambridge History of the British Empire. Volume II: The Growth of the New Empire, 1783-1870". Political Science Quarterly. 56 (3): 449. doi:10.2307/2143685. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2143685.

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• 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Benians, E. A. (1959). The Cambridge History of the British Empire Vol. iii: The Empire–Commonwealth 1870–1919. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–16. ISBN 978-0521045124.

• ↑ Sandiford, Keith A. (2011). "Foreign relations". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 307–309. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Holland, Rose, John (1940). The Cambridge history of the British empire: volume II: the growth of the new empire, 1783-1870. pp. x–vi. OCLC 81942369.

• ↑ Taylor, A. J. P. (1954). The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918. Mumbai: Oxford University Press. pp. 60–61.

• ↑ 

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• 19.0 19.1 19.2 Swisher, Clarice (2000). Victorian England. Greenhaven Press. pp. 248–250. ISBN 9780737702217.

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• 20.0 20.1 "Queen Victoria: The woman who redefined Britain's monarchy". BBC Teach. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 27 November 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 October 2020.

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• 21.0 21.1 Houghton, Walter E. (2008). The Victorian Frame of Mind. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/9780300194289. ISBN 9780300194289. S2CID 246119772.

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• 22.0 22.1 Halévy, Élie (1924). A history of the English people ... T. F. Unwin. pp. 585–595. OCLC 1295721374.

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• 23.0 23.1 23.2 Wohl, Anthony S. (1978). The Victorian family: structure and stresses. London: Croom Helm. ISBN 9780856644382.
  
  : Cited in: Summerscale, Kate (2008). The suspicions of Mr. Whicher or the murder at Road Hill House. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 109–110. ISBN 9780747596486. (novel)

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• 24.0 24.1 Theodore., Hoppen, K. (30 June 2000). The Mid-Victorian Generation 1846-1886. Oxford University Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-19-254397-4. OCLC 1016061494.

• ↑ Boston, Michelle (12 February 2019). "Five Victorian paintings that break tradition in their celebration of love". USC Dornsife. University of Southern California. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 10 February 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 December 2020.

• ↑ Robyn Ryle (2012). Questioning gender: a sociological exploration. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE/Pine Forge Press. pp. 342–343. ISBN 978-1-4129-6594-1.

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• 27.0 27.1 Rubinow., Gorsky, Susan (1992). Femininity to feminism: women and literature in the Nineteenth century. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-8978-2. OCLC 802891481.

• ↑ Gray, F. Elizabeth (2004). ""Angel of the House" in Adams, ed". Encyclopedia of the Victorian Era. 1: 40–41.

• ↑ Bilston, Barbara (4 July 2010). "A history of child protection". Open University (ภาษาอังกฤษ). เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 June 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-06-12.

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• 30.0 30.1 Lloyd, Amy (2007). "Education, Literacy and the Reading Public" (PDF). University of Cambridge. เก็บ (PDF)จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 20 May 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 January 2022.

• ↑ "The 1870 Education Act". UK Parliament.

• ↑ Young, G. M. (1936). Victorian England: Portrait of an Age. pp. 1–6.

• ↑ Briggs, Asa (1957). The Age of Improvement 1783–1867. pp. 236–285.

• ↑ Roach, John (1957). "Liberalism and the Victorian Intelligentsia". The Cambridge Historical Journal. 13 (1): 58–81. doi:10.1017/S1474691300000056. ISSN 1474-6913. JSTOR 3020631. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2 September 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 September 2020.

• ↑ Young, G. M. Victorian England: Portrait of an Age. pp. 10–12.

• ↑ Halevy, Elie (1924). A History Of The English People In 1815. pp. 585–95.

• ↑ Woodward, Llewellyn (1962). The Age of Reform, 1815–1870 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 28, 78–90, 446, 456, 464–465.

• ↑ Bebbington, D. W. (1982). The Nonconformist Conscience: Chapel and Politics, 1870–1914. George Allen & Unwin, 1982.

• ↑ Glaser, John F. (1958). "English Nonconformity and the Decline of Liberalism". The American Historical Review. 63 (2): 352–363. doi:10.2307/1849549. JSTOR 1849549.

• ↑ Wykes, David L. (2005). "Introduction: Parliament and Dissent from the Restoration to the Twentieth Century". Parliamentary History. 24 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2005.tb00399.x.

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• 41.0 41.1 Chadwick, Owen (1966). The Victorian church. Vol. 1. A. & C. Black. pp. 7–9, 47–48. ISBN 978-0334024095.

• ↑ Johnson, Dale A. (2011). "Nonconformism". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 546–547. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Machin, G. I. T. (1979). "Resistance to Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, 1828". The Historical Journal. 22 (1): 115–139. doi:10.1017/s0018246x00016708. ISSN 0018-246X. S2CID 154680968.

• ↑ Davis, R. W. (1966). "The Strategy of "Dissent" in the Repeal Campaign, 1820–1828". The Journal of Modern History. 38 (4): 374–393. doi:10.1086/239951. JSTOR 1876681. S2CID 154716174.

• ↑ Anderson, Olive (1974). "Gladstone's Abolition of Compulsory Church Rates: a Minor Political Myth and its Historiographical Career". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 25 (2): 185–198. doi:10.1017/s0022046900045735. ISSN 0022-0469. S2CID 159668040.

• ↑ Bowen, Desmond (1979). "Conscience of the Victorian State, edited by Peter Marsh". Canadian Journal of History. 14 (2): 318–320. doi:10.3138/cjh.14.2.318. ISSN 0008-4107.

• ↑ "Coleridge's Religion". victorianweb.org. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 30 March 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-08-10.

• ↑ Chadwick, Owen (1966). The Victorian Church. Vol. 1: 1829–1859. pp. 487–489.

• ↑ 

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• 49.0 49.1 49.2 Lewis, Christopher (2007). "Chapter 5: Energy and Entropy: The Birth of Thermodynamics". Heat and Thermodynamics: A Historical Perspective. United States of America: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33332-3.

• ↑ Eisen, Sydney (1990). "The Victorian Crisis of Faith and the Faith That was Lost". ใน Helmstadter, Richard J.; Lightman, Bernard (บ.ก.). Victorian Faith in Crisis: Essays on Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Religious Belief. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 2–9. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-10974-6_2. ISBN 9781349109746. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 19 October 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 October 2022.

• ↑ "Aspects of the Victorian book: the novel". British Library. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 May 2018. สืบค้นเมื่อ October 23, 2020.

• ↑ "Aspects of the Victorian book: Magazines for Women". British Library. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 3 February 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 October 2020.

• ↑ McGillis, Roderick (6 May 2016). "Children's Literature - Victorian Literature". Oxford Bibliographies. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 31 October 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 28 October 2020.

• ↑ Weiner, Joel H. (2011). "Press, Popular". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 628–630. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Richardson, Ruth (15 May 2014). "Street literature". British Library. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 22 April 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-04-22.

• ↑ Richardson, Ruth (15 May 2014). "Chapbooks". British Library. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 22 April 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-04-22.

• ↑ Mitchell, Sally (2011). "Music". Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 518–520. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Baker, William J. (1983). The state of British sport history. Vol. 10. Journal of Sport History. pp. 53–66.

• ↑ Maguire, Joe (1986). "Images of manliness and competing ways of living in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain". International Journal of the History of Sport. 3 (3): 265–287. doi:10.1080/02649378608713604.

• ↑ Sandiford, Keith A. P. (2011). "Cricket". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 199–200. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Seiler, Robert M. (2011). "Soccer". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 728–729. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Sandiford, Keith A. P. (2011). "Rugby football". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 685. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Blouet, Olwyn M. (2011). "Tennis". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 791. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Richard, Maxwell (2011). "Bicycle". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Kathleen E., McGrone (2011). "Sport and Games, Women". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 750–752. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Scheuerle H., William (2011). "Amusements and Recreation: Middle class". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 17–19. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Waters, Chris (2011). "Amusements and Recreation: Working class". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 19–20. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Cook, Bernard A. (2011). "Working hours". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 878–879. ISBN 9780415669726.

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• 69.0 69.1 Atterbury, Paul (17 February 2011). "Victorian Technology". BBC History. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 6 November 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 October 2020.

• ↑ Porter, Bernard (1994). "Chapter 3". Britannia's Burden: The Political Evolution of Modern Britain 1851–1890.

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• 71.0 71.1 Hobsbawn, Eric (1995). "Chapter Nine: The Golden Years". The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991. Abacus. ISBN 9780349106717.

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• 72.0 72.1 72.2 Thompson, F. M. L. (1988). Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, 1830–1900. pp. 211–214.

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• 73.0 73.1 73.2 Porter, K; Hoppen, Theodore. "Chapters 1 to 3". The Mid-Victorian Generation: 1846–1886. pp. 9–11.

• ↑ Marriott, J. A. R. (1948). Modern England: 1885–1945 (4th ed.). p. 166.

• ↑ 

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• 75.0 75.1 Smith, W. John (2011). "Child Labor". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 136–137. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ "Child Labor". victorianweb.org. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 23 January 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2023-04-28.

• ↑ 

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• 77.0 77.1 Lloyd, Amy (2007). "Education, Literacy and the Reading Public" (PDF). University of Cambridge. เก็บ (PDF)จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 20 May 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 January 2022.

• ↑ May, Trevor (1994). The Victorian Schoolroom (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Great Britain: Shire Publications. pp. 3, 29.

• ↑ Marriott, J. A. R. (1948). Modern England: 1885–1945 (4th ed.). p. 166.

• ↑ 

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• 80.0 80.1 Chapman Sharpe, William (2011). "Cities". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 162–164. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ 

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• 81.0 81.1 81.2 Soloway, Richard A. (2011). "Population and demographics". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 617–618. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Theerman, Paul (2011). "Edinburgh". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. 9780415669726. pp. 237–238. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Kemp, P. (1982). "Housing landlordism in late nineteenth-century Britain". Environment and Planning A. 14 (11): 1437–1447. Bibcode:1982EnPlA..14.1437K. doi:10.1068/a141437. S2CID 154957991.

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• 84.0 84.1 84.2 Cook, Bernard A. (2011). "Poverty". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 622–625. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ "Poverty and Families in the Victorian Era". www.hiddenlives.org.uk (ภาษาอังกฤษ). เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 6 December 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2023-04-28.

• ↑ Goodman, Ruth (2013). "Chapter 6: Breakfast: Hunger". How to be a Victorian. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-241-95834-6.

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• 87.0 87.1 87.2 Robinson, Bruce (17 February 2011). "Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory". BBC History. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 8 November 2020. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 October 2020.

• ↑ Loomis, Abigail A. (2011). "Lighting". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 452–453. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Jefferies, Julie (2005). "The UK population: past, present and future" (PDF). webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. pp. 3 to 4. เก็บ (PDF)จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 29 April 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2023-04-29.

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• 90.0 90.1 90.2 Szreter, Simon (1988). "The importance of social intervention in Britain's mortality decline c.1850–1914: A re-interpretation of the role of public health". Social History of Medicine. 1: 1–37. doi:10.1093/shm/1.1.1. S2CID 34704101. (ต้องรับบริการ)

• ↑ "Ireland – Population Summary". Homepage.tinet.ie. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 28 July 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 August 2010.

• ↑ "Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire". เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 7 May 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 May 2023.

• ↑ "Llanfyllin and district – The Union Workhouse – A Victorian prison for the poor". Victorian Powys. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 25 April 2023. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 May 2023.

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• 94.0 94.1 Yeo, Richard R. (2011). "Science". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 694–696. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Katz, Victor (2009). "Chapter 23: Probability and Statistics in the Nineteenth Century". A History of Mathematics: An Introduction. Addison-Wesley. pp. 824–830. ISBN 978-0-321-38700-4.

• ↑ Kline, Morris (1972). "28.7: Systems of Partial Differential Equations". Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times. United States of America: Oxford University Press. pp. 696–7. ISBN 0-19-506136-5.

• ↑ Lewis, Christoper (2007). "Chapter 7: Black Bodies, Free Energy, and Absolute Zero". Heat and Thermodynamics: A Historical Perspective. United States of America: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33332-3.

• ↑ Baigrie, Brian (2007). "Chapter 8: Forces and Fields". Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective. United States of America: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33358-3.

• ↑ Katz, Victor (2009). "21.3: Symbolic Algebra". A History of Mathematics: An Introduction. Addison-Wesley. pp. 738–9. ISBN 978-0-321-38700-4.

• ↑ Buchanan, R. A. (2011). "Technology and invention". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 784–787. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Buchanan, R. A. (2011). "Engineering". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 265–267. ISBN 9780415669726.

• ↑ Baigrie, Brian (2007). "Chapter 10: Electromagnetic Waves". Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective. United States of America: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33358-3.

• ↑ Ranlett, John (2011). "Railways". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 663–665. ISBN 9780415669726.

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• 104.0 104.1 104.2 Perkin, Harold (1969). The Origins of Modern English Society. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 280. ISBN 9780710045676.

• ↑ Briggs, Asa (1959). The Age of Improvement: 1783–1867. Longman. pp. 66–74, 286–87, 436. ISBN 9780582482043.

• ↑ Bradley, Ian C. (2006). The Call to Seriousness: The Evangelical Impact on the Victorians. Lion Hudson Limited. pp. 106–109. ISBN 9780224011624.

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• 107.0 107.1 Probert, Rebecca (September 2012). "Living in Sin". BBC History Magazine.

• ↑ "London Police Act 1839, Great Britain Parliament. Section XXXI, XXXIV, XXXV, XLII". คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 เมษายน 2011. สืบค้นเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2011.

• ↑ McMullan, M. B. (1998-05-01). "The Day the Dogs Died in London". The London Journal. 23 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1179/ldn.1998.23.1.32. ISSN 0305-8034. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 June 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 March 2023.

• ↑ Rothfels, Nigel, บ.ก. (2002), Representing Animals, Indiana University Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-253-34154-9. Chapter: 'A Left-handed Blow: Writing the History of Animals' by Erica Fudge

• ↑ "Cooper, Anthony Ashley, seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 2018. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.6210.

• ↑ Kelly, David; และคณะ (2014). Business Law. Routledge. p. 548. ISBN 9781317935124.

• ↑ Litzenberger, C. J.; Eileen Groth Lyon (2006). The Human Tradition in Modern Britain. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-7425-3735-4.

• ↑ Davies, Christie (1992). "Moralization and Demoralization: A Moral Explanation for Changes in Crime". ใน Anderson, Digby (บ.ก.). The Loss of Virtue: Moral Confusion and Social Disorder in Britain and America. Social Affairs Unit. pp. 5, 10. ISBN 978-0907631507.

• ↑ Draznin, Yaffa Claire (2001). Victorian London's Middle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day (#179). Contributions in Women's Studies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-313-31399-8.

• ↑ Goodman, Ruth (2013). "Chapter 15: Behind the bedroom door". How to be a Victorian. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-241-95834-6.

• ↑ Sean Brady, Masculinity and Male Homosexuality in Britain, 1861–1913 (2005).

• ↑ Crozier, I. (2007-08-05). "Nineteenth-Century British Psychiatric Writing about Homosexuality before Havelock Ellis: The Missing Story". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 63 (1): 65–102. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrm046. ISSN 0022-5045. PMID 18184695.

• ↑ Smith, F. B. (1976). "Labouchere's amendment to the Criminal Law Amendment bill". Historical Studies. 17 (67): 165–173. doi:10.1080/10314617608595545. ISSN 0018-2559.

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• 120.0 120.1 Clark, Anna (2011). "Prostitution". ใน Mitchell, Sally (บ.ก.). Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 642–645. ISBN 9780415669726.