In developing the initial survey, I couldn't shake the feeling that I was rearranging deckchairs while the Titanic sank. I felt like I was missing something blindingly obvious, something core to grounded theory that I was just not 'getting', and while my survey questions felt like they were getting closer to being on the right track, something wasn't feeling right. And there was a massive elephant in the room that was core to this feeling.
The elephant in question was this: grounded theory means discovering theories from participants via interviews. The researcher asks participants very broad open questions, and they must not go into interviews with any preconceived notions, bias, or clues as to what they will draw out of their interviewees.
So (and this may be where I was missing something): how do I discover the unintended consequences my participants have experienced if I can't ask questions using the words 'unintended' or 'consequences'?
Thank the Lord for PhD supervisors! I told one of mine about my elephant in the room, and he provided the link I had been missing: that while my interview questions will be broad in terms of scope, they will still be linked thematically to the conditions that I am already aware of: the conditions in which some unintended consequences occur. And while the criteria I had co-developed with ChatGPT and used in previous drafts of the survey (which you can read about in Part 1) were useful in terms of ensuring the games that respondents play fitted the study, they were only useful in that sense.
Secondly, the questions I was asking around the state of flow, problem-solving, wellbeing, and learning something were almost there - as I had sensed - but not quite right. While they were appropriate in the sense that they were framed around player experiences, they needed to be much broader while still opening up the possibility for the conversation to draw out unintended consequences. As a result, Section 4 was re-worded so the questions posed asked:
What is / are your usual reason(s) for playing?
Can you describe how you feel after a typical gaming session?
What (if any) after-effects from playing the game / games?
Have you experienced strong emotional responses from playing? (Closed, Yes/No question. Follow up: If you answered Yes to the above, what were these feelings?
Is there any part of the gaming experience that gives you particular satisfaction?
Can you describe the extent (if any) that gaming has impacted on your learning?
What is your usual reason for playing?
Have you experienced anything you didn't expect when playing? (Closed, Yes/No question. Follow up: If you answered Yes to the above, can you say a little more about the experience?
My supervisors have looked at the survey and agree it is, in research terminology 'good to go'. The next step is approval of the School's ethics committee, and before that, all of the documentation that goes with it. I've also provided an interview schedule, but the nature of my semi-structured interviews means that they are open to change at any moment so can't be quantified, and apparently that makes the application easier to 'sign off'.
I also need to think about how and where I put out the initial call for participants. Do I ensure my interviewees are local or just local to Wales? Do I widen my search and the possibility of a richer base of respondents to the United Kingdom? Europe? The world? How far am I prepared to travel to interview participants? Does that even matter if I can also conduct interviews via Zoom or Twitch or in-game (via Elder Scrolls Online or Fallout 76)? The only issue then is time zones rather than geographical distance.
And where do I go to get to my chosen audience? Will higher education students be on Facebook? (Possibly, maybe just the more mature students, or those who want to keep in touch with older relatives. Look, I'm not being ageist, it's just that Facebook has become a space for more mature users.) What about Instagram? (I think that's where younger people go?) TikTok? (Ditto) LinkedIn? (Graduate students? Mature students?) And what the hell is Discord about?
My gut says to spread my net as widely as I can. It's better to choose from dozens, or even hundreds of possible participants than from five or six. So that's what I'll do.