Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology
2024/2/20-2024/5/30
Every Tuesday and Thursday, 10:20-11:10, 11:20-11:45
Room 515, Cosmology Building, NTU
Speaker:
Loring Tu 杜武亮 (Tufts University)
Organizer:
Jungkai Chen 陳榮凱 (National Taiwan University & NCTS)
Yng-Ing Lee 李瑩英 (National Taiwan University)
Background & Purpose
This course presents a simplified approach to advanced topics in algebraic topology, at the expense of ignoring torsion phenomena.
It teaches constructions and techniques such as de Rham cohomology, presheaves, Čech cohomology, and spectral sequences that are useful in a variety of fields including algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and differential geometry.
Outline
Course outline The following topics will be covered: tensor products, graded algebras, the exterior algebra of a vector space, alternating forms and duality, interior multiplications, simple m-vectors, inner products, mass and comass, the symmetric algebra of a vectorspace, and symmetric forms and polynomial functions. The exposition of the present course only treats the case of real vector spaces. Students with knowledge of more general fields or modules will however realise that much of theory is applicable in these cases as well.
Details of the course
The central problem in topology is to decide if two spaces are homeomorphic or if two manifolds are diffeomorphic. Algebraic topology offers a possible solution by transforming the geometric problem into an algebraic one. To accomplish this, one associates to each topological space an algebraic object such as its cohomology vector space so that homeomorphic topological spaces correspond to isomorphic vector spaces. Such an association is called a functor. The cohomology functor greatly simplifies the original problem, for the dimension alone determines the isomorphism class of a finite-dimensional vector space. This gives a simple necessary condition for two topological spaces to be homeomorphic.
The guiding principle in this course is to use differential forms as an aid in exploring some of the less digestible aspects of algebraic topology. We will work primarily but not exclusively with smooth manifolds. This has the advantage of simplifying the theory as well as the constructions; for example, three versions of cohomology— singular, de Rham, and Čech, coincide on smooth manifolds. It allows us to study topics that are normally relegated to a second course in algebraic topology, such as Poincaré duality, the Thom isomorphism, and spectral sequences, without assuming a knowledge of homology.
More specifically, the topics to be covered are the following: de Rham cohomology, cohomology with compact support, Mayer–Vietoris sequence, Poincaré lemma on the cohomology of ℝⁿ, degree of a proper map, Brouwer fixed-point theorem, hairy-ball theorem, Poincaré duality for a manifold, Künneth formula for the cohomology of a product, Thom isomorphism for the cohomology of a vector bundle, Euler class, the nonorientable case, Čech cohomology, isomorphism between de Rham and Čech cohomology, presheaves, Hopf index theorem on the zeros of a vector field, spectral sequences, cohomology with integer coefficients, and de Rham’s theorem. These topics correspond to most of the first three chapters of the textbook.
Prerequisites
Some knowledge of differential forms on manifolds either manifolds or algebraic topology as prerequisite.
Students don't really need a whole course, but they do need some mathematical maturity that would be guaranteed by such a course.
Credit
3
Course Number/ ID
No.: NCTS 5053
ID: V41 U2040
(三校聯盟之學生於課程網選課適用)