Are there any tests to determine if I have an enlarged prostate?

Enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a common condition that affects many men as they age. According to the American Urological Association, about half of men between the ages of 51 and 60 have BPH, and up to 90% of men over the age of 80 have it. While BPH is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause bothersome symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and urinary tract infections. Fortunately, there are several tests that can be done to determine if you have an enlarged prostate.

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

The digital rectal exam (DRE) is a physical exam that allows your doctor to feel your prostate gland through the wall of your rectum. During this exam, you will be asked to lie on your side with your knees pulled up to your chest. Your doctor will then insert a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for any abnormalities in the size, shape, or texture of your prostate gland. The DRE is a quick and painless exam that can be done in your doctor's office.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test measures the level of PSA in your blood. PSA is a protein that is produced by the cells in the prostate gland. When the prostate gland is enlarged, it can produce more PSA, which can be detected in the blood. Elevated PSA levels can indicate an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, but they can also be caused by other factors such as inflammation or infection. Your doctor will take into account your age, PSA level, and other factors to determine if further testing is needed.

Urinary Flow Test

The urinary flow test, also known as uroflowmetry, measures how quickly and how much urine you can void from your bladder. During this test, you will be asked to urinate into a special device that measures the flow rate of your urine. A reduced flow rate can be a sign of an enlarged prostate or other urinary tract problems.

Post-Void Residual (PVR) Test

The post-void residual (PVR) test measures how much urine is left in your bladder after you have finished urinating. This test can be done using an ultrasound or a catheter. A high PVR volume can be a sign of an enlarged prostate or other urinary tract problems.

Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)

A transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the prostate gland. During this test, a small probe is inserted into the rectum to take images of the prostate gland. TRUS can help your doctor determine the size and shape of your prostate gland and identify any abnormalities.

Prostate Biopsy

A prostate biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a small sample of tissue from the prostate gland for examination under a microscope. This test is typically done if there is a suspicion of prostate cancer based on the results of other tests such as the PSA blood test or TRUS. A prostate biopsy is usually done using a needle that is inserted through the rectum or through the skin between the scrotum and anus.

Conclusion

If you are experiencing symptoms of an enlarged prostate, it is important to see your doctor. Your doctor can perform a physical exam and recommend further testing if necessary. The tests for an enlarged prostate are generally non-invasive and can be done in your doctor's office. Early detection and treatment of an enlarged prostate can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.