6.1 Classification of Elements

Atoms

Matter consists of small and discrete particles are called atoms.
Atom is only can be seen under electron microscope.
Atom consists protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Number of proton = number of electrons.

Molecules

Neutral particles are made up of two or more atoms.
In molecules, the number of electrons = number of protons.

Element

An element is the simplest form of substance.
Only 1 type of atom in an element.
For example: iron, oxygen, hydrogen, aluminium, carbon and copper are elements.

Compound

A compound consists of two or more elements combined chemically.
it can be separated through electrolysis.

Periodic Table

it is a table which elements are arranged in a systematic manner and orderly.
"Group" refers to a vertical column of elements., hence, there are 18 groups in the table.
"Period" refers to a horizontal rows of elements, hence, there are 7 periods in the table.
Elements in Group 3 -12 are known as transition elements.

Metals and Non-metals

Metals

Aluminium

-Malleable

-Strong and light

-Grey and shiny

Zinc

-Strong

-Good electric conductor

-Grey

Copper

-Strong

-Rustproof

-Ductile

-Brown

-Good electric conductor

Iron

-Strong

-Malleable

-Magnetic substance

-Grey

-Good electric conductor

Non-metals

Iodine

-Black crystal

-Poisonous

-Antiseptic

Chlorine

-Greenish yellow gas

-Bleaching agent

-Poisonous

Sulphur

-Yellow powder

-Poisonous

Carbon

-Black

-Smooth

- Can conduct electricity

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