Menstruation

1. Menstruation is the shredding of the lining of the uterine wall and discharge blood.

2. A female will undergo menstruation when she reaches puberty.

3. Normal menstrual cycle is about 28 days.

4. It is controlled by the brain and endocrine system which secrets hormone.

5. The menstruation will stop when a female reaches menopause (48-55 years old).

Menstrual phase

1. The uterine lining breaks down.

2. Blood, unfertilised ovum and mucus will discharge together.

Repair phase

1. Uterine lining wall starts to rebuild and thicken.

2. Blood vessels are formed to receive the implantation of fertilised ovum.

Fertile phase

1. An ovum is released from ovary at day 14, called ovulation.

2. If the sperm occurs, fertilisation would occur.

3. The uterine lining continues to thicken.

Pre-menstrual phase

1. Implantation of embryo will occur if fertilisation occurs

2. The uterine lining continues to thicken and rich in blood vessels.

3. If there is no fertilisation, menstrual cycle repeated.

Importance of Personal Hygiene During Menstruation

1. Change sanitary pad 3-4 times a day, or else will cause urinary tract infection ( UTI).

2. Have to bath frequently.

Irregular Menstruation

1. Irregular menstruation affects to woman's health.

2. The negative effects are:

a. Infertility

b. Having difficult in family planning

c. Health problem such as anaemia