In 1925, Knut Lundmark published the paper "The motions and the distances of spiral nebulae". In here, he used the newly established distances to neighbouring galaxies to infer that a subgroup of novae, which he called "upper class novae" are fundamentally distinct from the others, being orders of magnitudes brighter. This insight can be seen to represent the birth of the field of supernova research - the "upper class novae" were later renamed "supernovae" by Baade and Zwicky in their 1934 paper, in which they also provided a first hypothesis for what these events could be.