OBJECTIVE: Students will explore how composing rhythms can relate to the distinct phases of the moon
SUMMARY: Students will identify and describe the eight phases of the moon and then create and perform rhythmic patterns that represent the phases of the moon. Additionally, students will collaborate to sequence rhythms in the correct order of the moon’s phases.
GRADES: 4 - 8
DISCIPLINES & ARTISTIC PROCESS: Science / Responding, Creating, Performing & Connecting
VOCABULARY: new moon, waxing, waning, crescent, gibbous, first quarter, last quarter, full moon, moon phases, rhythms, beats, tempo, pitch, dynamics, pattern
Play a short piece of music inspired by the moon: Clair de Lune by Claude Debussy
Discussion: Show a visual of the moon’s phases. Ask students:
“What do you notice about the changes in the moon’s shape?”
“Why do we only see parts of the moon during certain phases?”
Briefly explain the science behind the phases of the moon, emphasizing how they occur in a predictable cycle.
NASA Education has a variety of resources for exploring the phases of the moon including photographs, videos, and infographics. Visit these resources: https://science.nasa.gov/moon/moon-phases/
Exploring Rhythms
Teach students simple rhythmic patterns (e.g., ta-ta-ti-ti-ta for quarter and eighth notes).
Demonstrate how rhythms can represent different phases based on characteristics like shape or visibility:
New Moon: Silent or a single tap (absence of light).
Waxing Crescent: Tap-rest-tap-tap-rest (building light).
First Quarter: Steady beat (half-lit moon).
Full Moon: Continuous rhythm (fully lit).
Repeat for remaining phases.
Collaborative Brainstorming
Work with the class to assign a unique rhythm to each moon phase. Write these on the board alongside visuals of the moon phases.
Group Practice
Divide students into small groups and assign each group a moon phase.
Groups practice their moon phase rhythms using instruments or body percussion.
Sequence the Phases
Arrange groups in a circle to represent the moon’s cycle.
Each group performs their rhythm in sequence, starting with the new moon and progressing through the full moon and back to the new moon.
Class Performance
Perform the entire moon phase rhythm cycle as a class, transitioning smoothly from one phase to the next.
Add a steady beat (played by a drum or tambourine) to symbolize the constant orbit of the moon.
“How did creating rhythms help you understand the moon’s phases?”
“Which phase was the most challenging to represent in rhythm?”
“What did you learn about how the moon changes over time?”
Discuss how music can represent scientific concepts and reinforce learning.