5G

Partha Sarathi Das

B. Sc 1^st Sem( Major)

Introduction:

In telecommunications, 5G is the 5^th generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular companies began deploying worldwide in 2019 and it is planned successor to the 4G networks,which provides connectivity to most current cellphones. 5G networks are predicted to have more than 1.7 billion subscribers worldwide by 2025 according to GSM association.

Structure of Technology:

The main advantage of the 5G networks is that they will have greater bandwidth, giving higher download speeds, eventually upto 10 gigabits per second. The increased speed is achieved partly by using high frequency radio waves than previous networks. However, higher frequency radio waves have a shorter useful physical range, requiring smaller geographic cells . For wide service, 5G networks operate on upto three frequency bands:

i. low

ii. medium

iii. high

A 5G network will be comped of networks of up to three different types of cells, each requiring specific antenna designs, each providing different trade of download speed.

Low band 5G uses a similar frequency range to 4g cellphones, 600 – 850 MHz giving download speed a little higher than 4G : 30 – 250 Mb /sec.

Mid-band uses microwaves of 2.5 – 3.7 GHz allowing speeds of 100 – 900 Mb/sec. with each cell tower providing service up to several miles in radius.

High-band 5G uses frequencies of 25-39 GHz, near the bottom of the millimeter wave band, although higher frequencies may be used in future. It, after achieving download speeds in gigabits per second range, is comparable to cable internet. However millimeter waves have more limited range, requiring many small cells. They have trouble passing through walls and windows.

The speeds are those achieved in actual tests in 2020 and speeds are expected to increase during rollout.

Qualcomm a chipset manufacturing company’s contribution to 5G technology:

Qualcomm harnessing the power of 5G with compressive modem to antenna solutions for smartphones. Qualcomm’s snapdragon 5G mobile platforms feature baseband RF transceiver, and RF front end components designed to support the fastest cellular multi- gigabit speeds feasible so far.

Qualcomm as a leading company in chipset making to lead the 5G technology specially in smartphones platforms, invested huge amount of money in their research and development. As a result Qualcomm manufactures Snapdragon 865t, Snapdragon 865, Snapdragon 888, Snapdragon 870, Snapdragon 750G and Snapdragon 765G, Snapdragon 480 5G ready chipsets specially for mobile platforms which helps the technology in development.