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Bandwagoning – A situation in which a state is aligned with a stronger adversary. Bandwagoning occurs when the weaker state decides that the cost of opposing the stronger power exceeds the benefits.
Consumer Choices by Social Media: Hailey Bieber nails, TikTok slang (unc, cooked...)
Legitimacy – The right and acceptance of proper authority to rule. Legitimacy is a fundamental element of Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power, and enables us to better understand the importance of international institutions. For instance, judicial bodies and regional organisations are often undermined by a lack of sufficient legitimacy.
Elections and Rules of Law: Based on public acceptance and proven results.
Modernisation Theory – A theoretical perspective which emphasises the need to follow a particular path of economic development (such as Rostow’s model of economic growth). This theory argues that traditional societies will only develop when they adopt practices associated with more advanced economies.
Industrialization and Technology: Japan and South Korea.
Mass Media: TV/radio, literacy, "modern" attitude.
Offensive Realism – A realist perspective which states that the anarchic nature of global politics promotes aggressive behaviour. States therefore seek to achieve security via domination and hegemony.
Napoleonic Wars: France's expansionist aims to control Europe, provoking alliances (Britain and Russia) to balance against it..
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