"The heart of distance education is the concept of separation of teacher and learner" (Simonson et al., 2019, p. 130). The following instructor functions will help online learning educators and instructors to modify their in-person teaching activities to those of online-learning activities.
Teaching Content:
Teachers should make learning fun and interactive by creating opportunities where students can work directly with the material and demonstrate their learning (Wexler, 2020).
"...keep direct instruction—things like brief video lectures and readings—in asynchronous form, using checks for understanding like embedded questions or exit slips. You can then use synchronous meetings for more interactive, engaging work" (Gonzalez, 2020).
When teaching, teachers can assign readings as a pre-class activity, and then encourage students to share their learning or their wonderings during asynchronous learning. (Simonson et al., 2019, p. 161).
Supervises/Moderates Course Discussions and Individual & Group projects
Instead of trying to teach large group settings via virtual meetings, teachers should encourage students to work in groups and learn together.(Gonzalez, 2020).
Set up a discussion board where students reflect on their learning and you respond with both acknowledgments of evidence of their learning as well as questions to extend their thinking" (Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute & Michigan Virtual, 2021).
Evaluate Assignments & Provide Feedback
Teachers should use formative feedback rather than just grades so that students can see where they can improve and where they are already doing well (Gonzalez, 2020).
"Using effective feedback strategies will enable the instructor to identify and meet individual student needs as well as encourage students to participate and continue to participate at a high level" (Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute & Michigan Virtual, 2021).
"In the distance learning environment, an instructor might choose to incorporate frequent discussions, quizzes, or other “small teaching” activities to serve this function" (Simonson et al., 2019, p. 239). Some of these small activities could be using Kahoot, creating Buncees to demonstrate learning, or allowing students to share their learning via video.
Help Learners Manage their Study
By using the small activities mentioned above, and embedding quizzes in modules, students can see "...where they are and where they need to be before moving forward" (Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute & Michigan Virtual, 2021).
Motivate Learners
Teachers can motivate learners to participate by sharing feedback with them (Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute & Michigan Virtual, 2021), encouraging students to give each other feedback, and assigning collaborative projects.
Supporting all Students
Teachers should offer support to students who need individual reteaching or content review. "Schedule regular time during your week to look for students who may be behind or skipping lots of assignments. Reach out to them. Document that you reached out, and schedule a follow-up call in a week to see if they have progressed. Contact their mentors to alert them to your action and enlist their support. They may be aware of extenuating circumstances the students have not shared, too" (Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute & Michigan Virtual, 2021).
Evaluation of Instruction can be done in different ways, but when teaching students virtually, the best way to have students demonstrate their learning is by creation. "These can be videos, podcasts, digital or physical art, writing pieces, comics, and so on...it also integrates all of the areas and it builds up, all of that learning builds up into this creation that they will do. For assessment, use a detailed rubric that highlights the learning goals the end product will demonstrate. A single-point rubric works well for this" (Gonzalez, 2020).