Differences in pronoun usage by dialect
Some dialects may still use “thee” and “thou” in speech (Northern, West Country)
Use of “youse” as plural “you” (Tyneside, Liverpool, Manchester, London)
“Us” may be used to replace other pronouns (Northern)
Ex: “Give me” becomes “give us” or “our cars” becomes “us cars”
Changes in subject/object pairs (W Midlands, W Country)
Ex: “I gave it to he” instead of “I gave it to him”
Use of “they” instead of “those” (West Country)
Ex: “They shoes are mine” instead of “Those shoes”
Changes in reflexive pronouns
Ex: “hisself” instead of “himself” (Northern)
“ Y’usen” for “yourself”, “Mesen”, “Thisens”, “ussens” (E. Midlands)
Changes in possessive pronouns
Ex: “Yorn” for “yours”, “theirn”, “ourn”, “hisn”, “ern” (E. Midlands)
“Me” instead of “my” (Scouse)
“Et” to replace that (West Country)
“That” instead of “it” in subject position (East Anglian, south Midlands)
Ex: “That’s going to rain tomorrow” instead of “It’s going to..”
Differences in conjugation and use of the verb “to be”
The use of “was” or “were” may be leveled and differ from Standard English
Ex: “I/you/she/he/it/we/they were” (Northern, Midlands)
“I/you/she/he/it/we/they was” (South East)
Here the West Midlands may vary dramatically
“Are” becomes “am”
“Is not” becomes “ay”
“Are not” becomes “bay”
“Am” becomes “bin”, or sometimes “are”
“are” becomes “bist” (West Country)
Use of “is” for “to be” in the plural (Northern)
Formation of Tenses
Past Tense
Ex: “Writ” instead of “wrote”
“Shew” instead of “showed” (E. Anglian)
“Snew” instead of “snowed” (E. Anglian)
Irregular use of “-s”in formation of tenses
Ex: “They kicks the ball” (Northern, South, South-West)
Ex: “She go” instead of “She goes” (E. Anglian)
Removal of past tense conjugation for some words entirely
Ex: “Come, say, give” instead of “came, said, gave”
Negation
Use of multiple negation (more common in south Midlands, London, East Anglia)
Ex: “I didn’t make no mess nowhere”
Negation may either cause the auxiliary to be contracted or the negator
Ex: “She’s not” vs “She isn’t”
Regional negated forms
“-na” (West and north-west Midlands), “-nae”
“Divvent” instead of don’t (North-East)
“Ain’t” to negate the auxiliary “have” or “be” (widespread)
“In’t” (London among others), “hain’t” (E Anglian), “een’t” ( S Cambridgeshire)