Cooran station opened on 10 June 1889, when the line from Gympie opened. At the time it was the terminus of the line until 1 April 1891, when the line was extended to Cooroy. The full length of the line to Roma Street was completed on 17 July 1891, when the Yandina to Cooroy section was completed. The line was electrified from Nambour to Gympie North on 4 February 1989. In 2009, the platform was extended with scaffolding and plywood materials which is only a temporary solution. Prior to this, passengers had to disembark from the first three carriages.
Cooran station is named after the homonymous town of Cooran. It comes from the word tall in the local Kabi indigenous language possibly referring to nearby Mount Cooran or the tall Moreton Bay Ash Trees.
Cooran consists of one platform and it is used by services travelling in both directions. There is a passing loop opposite the platform.
Cooran station only has one entrance from the carpark on Railway Road.
Cooran station does have disability access however assistance is required due to the steep ramp.
There is a bus stop nearby on King Street. It is served by route 632 to Noosa Junction however it is not timed to connect with train services.