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ROPE TERMINOLOGY
Pratham Sopan
3. ROPE WORK :
a) Whip the end of a rope.
The Common Whipping is a knot tied at the end of a rope to keep the end from unraveling. The benefit of the Common Whipping knot is that it is quite easy to tie and no tools are required. However, the knot is more appropriate for temporary use or on decorative ropes as it is known to slip off the rope easily. It is best used on a natural fiber rope and tied with natural twine, both of which afford the maximum friction for the knot to hold its position at the end of the rope. When dealing with synthetic ropes, it is best to wrap with tape and then heat the ends to melting point to fuse the strands.
Lay the twine along the rope and make a bight back along the rope. Note that the rope should be whipped a short distance (one and a half times the diameter) from its end.
Begin wrapping the twine around the rope and bight of twine securely. Wrap until the whipping is one and a half times wider than the rope is thick.
Run the working end of the twine through the bight. Carefully pull on the standing end of the twine until the bight and working end are pulled under the whipping (Note: It is normally necessary to maintain tension on the working end to prevent the bight from being dragged completely through otherwise the whipping will fall apart.) Cut the twine flush with the edges of the whipping to give the rope end a finished look.
b) Tie & demonstrate the use of the following knots:
Reef knot, Sheet Bend, Clove Hitch, Bowline, Sheep Shank, Fisherman Knot, Round Turn & Two Half Hitches.
REEF KNOT: Used for joining the ends of a single rope.
Tie two over hand knots. First, right over left and twist. Then leftover right and twist.
Make sure both parts of the rope exit the knot together!
SHEET BEND: Used for joining two different ropes.
Form a loop in the end of one rope. Pass the free end of the rope to be joined under the opening of the loop, around both parts of the first rope and back under itself.
Pull all four ends to tighten.
CLOVE HITCH: Used for start Square/Sheer/ Fig-of-Eight lashings. A simple all-purpose hitch. Easy to tie and untie
Wrap the free end of a rope around a post.
The Crossover itself and around the post again.
Slip working end under the last wrap.
Pull tight.
BOWLINE: Used for creating a permanent loop.
Lay the rope across your left hand with the free end hanging down. Form a small loop in the line in your hand.
Bring the free end up to and pass through the eye from the underside (the rabbit comes out of the hole).
Wrap the line around the standing line and back down through the loop (around the tree and back down the hole).
Tighten the knot by pulling on free end while holding standing line
SHEEP SHANK: Used for shorten the rope.
Take up slack in rope and make underhand loops as shown at A and B.
Pass bight A1 through loop A, and bight B1 through loop B.
Pull free ends of rope in opposite directions. Maintain tension on knot.
FISHERMAN KNOT: Used for joining two slippery ropes
Tie a loose Overhand Knot with the working end of one rope around the other rope.
Repeat with the working end of the second rope around the first rope and tighten both knots.
Pull the standing parts of both ropes in opposite directions to seat the two knots together.
ROUND TURN & TWO HALF HITCHES: Used for tie the pegs with a tent. Generally uses for any tensioning any pioneering project.
c) Tie and demonstrate Sheer Lashing Mark I and Mark II.
MARK I: Used for making a leg.
Tie a Clove Hitch around one pole and pull the knot very tight.
Begin the lashing by wrapping the working end around the poles, pulling the rope tight on each turn, until your lashing is at least as long as the two poles are wide.
Make a turn around just one pole.
Tuck the working end between the two poles.
Make 2 "frapping turns" (wrap around just the ropes, between the two poles) and pull tight.
Finish with one clove hitch around the same pole that started the lashing.
To make "Shear Legs" for an A-frame, follow the same steps, but make the wraps a little less tight to allow for movement when the poles are spread apart. Once the Shear Lashing is complete, pull the legs apart and adjust for tension and stability.
MARK II: Used for joining 2 or more staff together.
Tie a Clove Hitch around both poles and pull the knot very tight.
Begin the lashing by wrapping the working end around the poles, pulling the rope tight on each turn, until your lashing is at least as long as the two poles are wide.
Finish with one clove hitch around the poles
d) Make a gadget or handicraft useful at home.
There are many YouTube channels where you can find nice ideas about Do It Yourself (DIY) handicrafts. I am suggesting some of the channels. Please make a handicraft & write down the process in your logbook.
Dwitiya Sopan (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
1. Pioneering :
a) Demonstrate Timber hitch, Rolling hitch, Marline spike/ Lever hitch & Figure of Eight knot and their use.
TIMBER HITCH: Use for securing a rope around a post or any cylindrical object. It does not jam or slip, no matter how heavy the load and is easy to tie and untie. It is best to complete the Timber Hitch with one or two half hitches near the hauling end to keep the load from twisting.
Pass the working end of a rope around the object and take a turn around the standing part. Tuck the working end back around itself three times with the lay of the rope.
Add one or two half hitches near the hauling end for hoisting and to keep load from twisting.
ROLLING HITCH: A very secure and easy to tie method of fastening a rope to a post. The knot holds firmly in the direction of standing line. The Rolling Hitch is much more secure than the similar clove hitch when tying a rope to a pole or other object.
Wrap the end of a line around an object. Repeat, crossing over the standing line a second time.
Wrap a third time around the object but wrap above the standing line so as to not cross over it.
Pass the free end under the last wrap and pull tight.
FIGURE-OF-EIGHT KNOT: The figure 8 knot also known as the Flemish knot is a type of stopper knot that helps in climbing and sailing by not allowing the tag ends of ropes to slip out of the retaining devices. While climbing, you can also use it as a hitch. Having an efficiency of about 80%, it is the basis of many other complicated knots used for the purpose of rock climbing
MARLINE SPIKE/ LEVER HITCH: The marlinespike hitch is a rope knot that is often used with a rope that is already attached at one end to something in order to gain better purchase or grip on the rope for tightening. The marlinespike (or rod, stick, tool handle or any long and thin object) that has been inserted into the knot can be used as a handle to pull very hard on the rope.
The knot can also be tied in a series of parallel knots down two side-by-side ropes with rods attached through both knots to be used as a makeshift ladder. The load that is put on the rods (or whatever is being used as the marlinspike) should only be from the standing side of the knot.
Form an overhand loop in the rope with the working or tag end of the rope on top of the standing part.
Grasp the lower side of the loop and fold it up and over the top part of the loop such that it will lay on top of the standing line with the standing line centered in the new loop formed.
Hold the lines in place and take your marlinespike, rod or other long cylindrical object and slide it into the knot from the right side. You will be going over the right side of the loop, under the center line, and then over the left side.
Now pull the knot tight around the rod by pulling on the working end assuming the standing end is secured and if not pull on both ends.
Once the knot is tight you can exert tremendous tension on the rope by using the rod/marlinespike as a handle and pulling down with it.
To release the knot just remove the rod and the knot will be untied.
b) Tie the following lashings and know their uses: Square and Figure of Eight.
SQUARE LASHING: Square Lashing is a knot used to bind two poles together, usually but not necessarily, at right angles. This lashing can be used in load bearing situations and thus can be used to build anything from chairs, an emergency stretcher, a bed, a ladder, even a bridge!
Tie a Clove Hitch around the vertical pole and pull the knot very tight.
Begin the lashing of the two poles together by twisting the short end from the clove hitch around long end of the rope.
Then wrap the rope over the front of the horizontal pole then around the back side of the vertical pole and over the front of the horizontal piece.
Continue around the back side of the vertical pole, the front of the horizontal and back side of the vertical and front of the horizontal.
Continue with this wrapping, alternately going over and under each pole for three turns.
Tighten your wraps down by making two or more "frapping turns" around the ropes.
Finish the knot by making two or more half hitches next to the original wraps.
FIGURE OF EIGHT LASHING: This lashing is used to tie three poles (spars) together to make a tripod. Tripods are the base for a lot of Scout Engineering projects, which makes this one of the most important lashings
To start, lay your poles down, side by side. Place the 'fat' ends at one end, this will be the bottom of the tripod. You can put the short pole under the 'skinny' ends to raise the top of the tripod off the ground, this will make it easier to tie the lashing.
To start the rope work, you must tie a clove hitch.
To tie a clove hitch, take the rope around one of the outside poles.
Then wrap the rope around the second time, crossing over the first wrap, making a 'X'.
Finish the clove hitch by threading the rope through the 'X', passing the working end under the cross-over from the previous wraps.
When you pull both ends of the rope it will tighten on itself and hold.
Now with the three legs side by side you can now start the 'figure of 8' wrap. Weave the rope under the first pole, over the second and under the third pole. Complete a full wrap around the third pole, then weave the rope over, under and over, back to the first pole (with the clove hitch). You can 'catch' the tail end of the clove hitch when you wrap the rope around the pole for the second round of wrapping . Continue this until you have at least 4 full wraps.
Finish the lashing by making a clove hitch on the opposite pole to the start clove hitch. You can tidy the ends with a pen knife.
Stand the tripod up straight. Move the middle pole back, this will make room above the lashing for the two outside poles to be moved apart. Work the ends of the legs out to the desired width a little at a time. For extra security you can 'brace' the legs with other poles to stop the ends from kicking out
c) Demonstrate the uses of hand axe or chopper and know the safety rules and how to keep them sharp.
Alternative Syllabus - Dwitiya Sopan (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
(1) Pioneering:
(c) Learn safety rules of hand axe or chopper and know how to keep them sharp.
d) Demonstrate the use, safety, and sharpening of a dagger or a penknife and the use of a screw driver, pliers, and hammer.
Tritiya Sopan (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
1. PIONEERING :
a) Tie & know the use of the following: Fireman’s Chair Knot, Man Harness Knot,Bowline on a bite, Draw Hitch.
b) Tie & demonstrate the use of Diagonal Lashing
c) Use another method of whipping other than the one used in Pratham Sopan.
d) Make a Flag Mast of at least three staves with your Patrol and demonstrate Flag Break.
Alternative Syllabus - Tritiya Sopan (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
1. PIONEERING :
d) Make a Flag Mast of at least two staves at home and describe in your log book.
e) Make a temporary shelter for yourself
f) Know any one method of Splicing: Eye/ Back/Short
Rajya Puraskar (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
7. Camp Craft:
Alternative Syllabus - Rajya Puraskar (#An Independent Examiner should certify the completion of the course)
7. Camp Craft:
A) able to pitch, strike and pack a Single/Double fly tent.
A) Be able to pitch temporary improvised shelter in your residential complex and know the parts of a double fly tent
B) Splicing - Eye / Back / Short – anyone not done earlier.
B) Types of fire extinguisher and use thereof
C) Make a Patrol Pioneering Project
C) Make an improvised gadget useful at home.
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