Specialized Animal Cells
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There are 3 types of Specialized Cells in Animals:
Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Muscle Cells
Muscle Cells
Neurons
Neurons
1. Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin is a protein which helps them to carry oxygen.
They have a disk/donut shape that maximizes surface area for carrying oxygen.
They are very flexible which is very helpful when squeezing through small capillaries.
1. What are Red Blood Cells?
1. What are Red Blood Cells?
Important - Red Blood Cells, also known as RBC or Erythrocyte, contains Hemoglobin in their cytoplasm.
Fact - Hemoglobin is the pigment inside their cytoplasm which also refers to chlorophyll which is the pigment inside of chloroplasts of a plant cell.
Summary = Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll are pigments but in different body cells.
Fact - Red Blood cells does not have a nucleus or many organelles because of making space for the oxygen they have to carry.
2. What are White Blood Cells?
2. What are White Blood Cells?
Important - The White Blood Cells have a different structure and function than the Red Blood Cells.
There are many different kinds of white blood cells, such as:
Granulocytes - have granules in their cytoplasm which can destroy pathogens when they're released.
Many white blood cell types can have an irregular shape with a structure that allows them to wash out unknown particles.
2. Muscle Cells
What are Muscle Cells?
What are Muscle Cells?
Many Muscles cells have lots of mitochondria than many other body cells because of their need of ATP Energy.
They can consider be striated or not striated depending how they overlapping filaments are lay out and their shaped differs too into three categories:
1. Smooth Muscle
1. Smooth Muscle
has a shape that narrows at each end and is often described as a spindle.
2. Skeletal Muscle
2. Skeletal Muscle
are long cylinder shaped and are often rolled and they can have a lot of nuclei.
3. Cardiac Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
They have a lot of similarities with Skeletal muscle but because they have a main function which is the beating of the heart, they have to be in agreement with each other.
They have what are called intercalated discs that joins them and helps carry the signal keep up a heartbeat.
They are often branched they can have too more than one nucleus
3. Neurons
What are Neurons?
What are Neurons?
Neurons are the cells that can sense a stimulus and transfer signals.
The most common places to find these are in the brain and the spinal cord and they can be over meter long in humans.
In the neurons, structures called dendrites receives impulses and then the axons transfer the impulse either to another neuron or to a cell it's targeting.
An important thing is that these specialized cells can make up specialized tissues in both plants and animals and they function together.
Example in Plants : Epidermis Cell = Dermal Tissue
Example in Animals : Muscle Cell = Muscle Tissue
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