Publisher: Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Title: Studies on heavy metals contents of Osun River at the pre-urban settlement and across Osogbo City, Nigeria
Author: Adebanjo Jacob Anifowose and Adedeji Waliyu Oyebode
Date of Publication: February 1, 2019
Type: Research Article
Volume: 13:1
Citation style language: Not explicitly stated
Pollution Type: Heavy metals
Impact Dimension:

• Environmental

• Aquatic ecosystem

• Human health
  Actor Type:

• Domestic/industrial/agricultural/mining activities

• Farmers (Coker village, Swanlux Farm)

• Institutions (universities, hospitals)
  Response Type:

• Continuous monitoring

• Continuous evaluation
  Evidence Type:

• Empirical data

• Quantitative analysis

• River water sampling

• Heavy metals analysis
  Policy Mention:

• WHO drinking water guidelines

• FAO irrigation water standards

• Surface/drinking water standards
  Key Finding:

• Dominant metals: Iron > Zinc

• Elevated Copper/Manganese at agricultural sites (agrochemical sources)

• Lead/Cadmium increased from pre-urban to urban areas

• Pb/Cd exceed WHO drinking limits

• All metals within safe irrigation limits
  Health Risk Projection:

• Unsafe for drinking (Pb up to 8× WHO limit)

• Chronic exposure risks:

  • Developmental retardation

  • Cancers

  • Kidney damage

  • Mortality

• Food chain contamination via aquatic fauna
  URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1567899
  DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2019.1567899
  ISBN, ISSN, PMID: ISSN: 1658-3655 (Online)