Publisher: Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology
Title: Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Osun River using Physicochemical Parameters and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Technique
Author: Fatukasi B. Adetutu, Fawole O. Olubanjo, Fatukasi S. Olusegun, Oladapo, O. Olubunmi
Date of Publication: July 2024
Type: Original Research Article
Volume: Vol. 3(1) pp. 001-017
Citation style language: Author-date
Pollution Type:

• Heavy metals

• Sewage discharge

• Human waste discharge

• Landfill runoff

• Precipitation-induced leaching

• Domestic/industrial/abattoir wastes

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
  Impact Dimension:

• Harm to aquatic life/humans

• Kidney damage

• Cardiovascular diseases

• Neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s)

• Gastrointestinal disorders

• Developmental retardation

• Carcinogenic effects

• Mortality
  Actor Type:

• Authors/researchers (Ladoke Akintola University/Osun State Polytechnic)

• Citizens/tourists/inhabitants of Osogbo

• Villagers/farmers/fishermen

• Institutions (universities, hospitals)

• Government/general public
  Response Type:

• Public education on water dangers

• Pollution monitoring studies

• Remediation plan implementation

• Waste discharge control measures
  Evidence Type:

• Physicochemical parameter analysis

• ICP-OES technique

• Triplicate sampling (3 locations × 3 seasons)

• Statistical analysis (Excel, MANOVA, SPSS)

• Tables/bar charts/map
  Policy Mention:

• WHO (2017/2010) permissible limits

• USEPA (2010) permissible limits

• Regulatory standards
  Key Finding:

• Heavy metal pollution confirmed

• BOD/conductivity exceeded limits seasonally

• Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium (essential nutrients)

• Toxic metals (Cd, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Al, Pb) above limits

• Cadmium highest (23.66±39.36 mg/L)

• Pollution sources: Sewage/landfill runoff/leaching

• DO/pH/TDS within limits (supports aquatic life)
  Health Risk Projection:

• Heavy metals linked to:

  • Kidney/liver damage

  • Cardiovascular/neurological diseases

  • Gastrointestinal disorders (vomiting/diarrhea)

  • Alzheimer’s disease (Pb)

  • Developmental retardation

  • Carcinogenic effects

• Untreated water consumption risks mortality
  URL: http://spectacularjournals.org/rjest
  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12793639
  ISBN, ISSN, PMID: Not available

Note: Volume retained as "Vol. 3(1) pp. 001-017" per source. Health risks explicitly tied to specific metals (e.g., Pb→Alzheimer’s, Cd→highest concentration). Actor types condensed for clarity while preserving all entities.