Therme Vals. Vals, Switzerland.
Used as a precedent study for understanding atmosphere, materiality, stone construction, light, shadow, and sensory experience.
Reference:
Zumthor, P. (1996). Therme Vals. Vals, Switzerland.
Research on Kota Malawati was used to understand the historical significance of the site and develop the concept of stone as a representation of memory, protection, and permanence.
Reference:
National Heritage Department Malaysia. (n.d.). Kota Malawati Heritage Information.
The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses.
Referenced to understand how architecture creates emotional and sensory experiences through material, atmosphere, texture, and light.
Reference:
Pallasmaa, J. (2012). The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. Wiley.
Atmospheres: Architectural Environments – Surrounding Objects.
Used to explore the relationship between material, light, sound, and emotional experience in architecture.
Reference:
Zumthor, P. (2006). Atmospheres: Architectural Environments – Surrounding Objects. Birkhäuser.
References used to develop ideas regarding natural ventilation, daylighting, shading, and passive environmental responses for a Malaysian climate.
Reference:
Yeang, K. (1995). Designing with Nature: The Ecological Basis for Architectural Design. McGraw-Hill.
ChatGPT
Used for:
Design analysis
Critical reflection
Concept refinement
AI workflow development
Reference:
OpenAI. (2026). ChatGPT. https://chat.openai.com/
Gemini AI
Used for:
Design exploration
Alternative design evaluation
Architectural brainstorming
Reference:
Google. (2026). Gemini AI. https://gemini.google.com/
Adobe Firefly
Used for:
AI-generated architectural imagery
Material and atmosphere exploration
Reference:
Adobe. (2026). Adobe Firefly. https://firefly.adobe.com/
Autodesk Revit / AutoCAD / 3ds Max
Used for:
Architectural drawings
Modelling
Visual development
Reference:
Autodesk. (2026). Autodesk Software. https://www.autodesk.com/
Used for:
Presentation layout
Diagram development
Reference:
Figma. (2026). Figma Design Platform. https://www.figma.com/
Add a note:
All AI-generated images used in this project were created through AI-assisted workflows and refined based on architectural judgement. AI outputs were used as exploratory design tools rather than final design replacements.