Seeing the Cathedral from the outside is jaw-dropping. It is so large and towering, I honestly think the South Tower of the Stephansdom might just be one of the tallest buildings in Vienna. The Stephansplatz, the street where the Stephansdom is located, was once a mass grave, but then all of the bodies were moved. Beneath the Stephansdom are catacombs, where all of the plague-dead are located, as well as the body of Rudol IV the Founder.
Mind-blowing, just mind-blowing. Just when I thought the Stephansdom was massive from the outside, it feels way bigger when you're actually inside the church. I was mind-blown by the Gothic architecture of the cathedral, by the amount of pillars, the glass-stained windows, the amount of statues present, the sheer number of altars dedicated to different saints, the chandeliers, the reverbs from our talking and footsteps, etc. European churches are built different than American ones, and I mean that quite literally. This church is literally older than my home country, and has seen way more history than it. This is what Evangelical megachurches wished they could be. Evangelical megachurches ain't got nothing on European Catholic cathedrals.
The Wiener Neustädter Altar at the head of the north nave was ordered in 1447 by Emperor Frederick III, whose tomb is located in the opposite direction. On the predella is his famous A.E.I.O.U. device. Frederick ordered it for the Cistercian Viktring Abbey (near Klagenfurt) where it remained until the abbey was closed in 1786 as part of Emperor Joseph II's anti-clericalreforms. It was then sent to the Cistercian monastery of St. Bernard of Clairvaux (founded by Emperor Frederick III) in the city of Wiener Neustadt, and finally sold in 1885 to St. Stephen's Cathedral when the Wiener Neustadt monastery was closed after merging with Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
Originally, this altar was from Wiener Neustadt (lit. "Vienna New City"), hence the name. Wiener Neustadt was founded in the 12th century with a huge amount of money that was sent to Austria by the English in order to pay ransom for the release of King Richard III.
No, this is not some cheesy abbreviation you learn in English grammar to memorize the vowels of the English alphabet. This is actually an abbreviation of a phrase/motto written by Frederick III, either in Latin or German. In Latin, it stands for "Austriae est imperare omni universo" In German, it stands for "Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan". In both languages, the phrase means "It is for Austria to rule the entire world" in English. Basically, it is saying, "Austria is awesome, and everything else sucks." Frederick III and every Habsburg after him made this phrase their motto, and they loved placing this abbreviation everywhere. You can find this phrase under the Wiener Neustädter Altar, for example, as seen in the image above. You can find it practically everywhere in Graz. Who knew that this abbreviation was not just something you learn in English class to memorize the vowles.
Frederick III, who coined the phrase AEIOU, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death in 1493. He was the penultimate emperor to be crowned by the pope, and the last to be crowned in Rome. Prior to his imperial coronation, he was duke of the Inner Austrian lands of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1424, and also acted as regent over the Duchy of Austria from 1439. He was elected and crowned King of Germany in 1440. His reign of 53 years is the longest in the history of the Holy Roman Empire or the German monarchy. Upon his death in 1493 he was succeeded by his son Maximilian. During his reign, Frederick concentrated on re-uniting the Habsburg "hereditary lands" of Austria and took a lesser interest in Imperial affairs. Nevertheless, by his dynastic entitlement to Hungary as well as by the Burgundian inheritance, he laid the foundations for the later Habsburg Empire. Despite being mocked as "Arch-Sleepyhead of the Holy Roman Empire" (German: Erzschlafmütze) during his lifetime, he is today increasingly seen as an effective ruler.
Frederick III died due to a combination of old age and leg amputation complications. After, he was buried in the Stephansdom Cathedral, where you can still see his sarcophagus to this day.
Just another crazy day in Vienna for the dumb American, and just a normal Tuesday for the average Viennese.
Today, I went to our program’s first lecture. Our classroom is at a Viennese middle school, since it is currently summer break for the middle schoolers. There, we learned about the history of Austria, from antiquity to 1500 in the span of 2 hours.
After, we went to the Stephansdom (St Stephen’s Cathedral), and I’ll definitely revisit it again. The church from the outside was huge enough, but once we were inside it, it somehow felt even larger than it did on the outside! The architecture is crazy and the amount of history this building has experienced is insane! It has existed since ~1100 and is still holding active church service to this day!
It’s so BIG that we couldn’t even see the whole thing! Parts of the Cathedral that we didn’t explore include the following: the catacombs, the North Tower, and the South Tower, and one more location!
Luckily, the tickets I got from Prof Stuart will allow me to visit such unexplored places on my own another time.