Pulm

1. Obstructive Lung Disease

1. Asthma (Reactive airway disease)

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

3. Emphysema (α1-antitrypsin deficiency)

4. Chronic bronchitis (blue bloater)

5. Bronchiectasis (CF, post-infectious, Kartagener’s)

6. Cystic Fibrosis (ΔF508, Pseudomonas, pancreatic insufficiency)

2. Restrictive Lung Disease

6. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (UIP pattern, Velcro crackles)

7. Sarcoidosis (Non-caseating granulomas, Löfgren’s syndrome)

8. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Farmer’s lung, bird fancier’s)

9. Asbestosis (Pleural plaques, ferruginous bodies)

10. Silicosis (Eggshell calcifications, TB risk)

11. Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (PMF, Caplan syndrome)

3. Infections

12. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma)

13. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (Pseudomonas, MRSA)

14. Aspiration Pneumonia (Anaerobic microbes, right lower lobe)

15. Tuberculosis (Caseating granulomas, PPD+/IGRA+)

16. Atypical pneumonia (Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae)

4. Infections - Fungal

17. Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP) (HIV, CD4 <200, ground-glass)

18. Endemic Mycosis (Histo/Cocci/Blasto)

5. Vascular

21. Pulmonary Embolism (Wells criteria, D-dimer, CT angio)

22. Pulmonary Hypertension (Right heart failure, cor pulmonale)

23. Wegener’s Granulomatosis (GPA) (c-ANCA, necrotizing granulomas)

24. Goodpasture Syndrome (Anti-GBM, linear IgG)

25. Churg-Strauss Syndrome (Eosinophilia, p-ANCA, asthma)

6. Neoplastic

26. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Central, PTHrP → hyperCa)

27. Small Cell Carcinoma (Central, paraneoplastic syndromes)

28. Adenocarcinoma (Peripheral, EGFR mutations)

29. Large Cell Carcinoma (Peripheral, rapid growth)

30. Bronchial Carcinoid (Central, 5-HIAA, carcinoid syndrome)

31. Mesothelioma (Asbestos, pleural thickening)

7. Pleural Disease

32. Pneumothorax (Primary vs. secondary, tension)

33. Pleural Effusion (Transudate vs. exudate, Light’s criteria)

34. Empyema (pH <7.2, pus, loculations)

35. Hemothorax (Trauma, rib fractures)

8. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

36. NSIP (Non-specific interstitial pneumonia)

37. COP (BOOP) (Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia)

38. LAM (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, women, mTOR)

39. Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Smokers, cystic changes)

9. Pediatric

40. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Prematurity, O2 toxicity)

41. RSV Bronchiolitis (Wheezing, infants)

42. Croup (Barking cough, steeple sign)

43. Epiglottitis (H. influenzae, thumbprint sign)

10. Sleep Disorders

44. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Obesity, AHI >5)

45. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (BMI >30, ↑PaCO₂)

11. Trauma/Toxic

46. ARDS (Diffuse alveolar damage, PaO₂/FiO₂ <300)

47. Smoke Inhalation (CO poisoning, cyanide toxicity)

48. Nitrogen Narcosis (Deep-sea divers)

49. High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (Rapid ascent, hypoxia)

12. Miscellaneous

50. Atelectasis (Post-op, fever, elevated hemidiaphragm)

51. Bronchiolitis Obliterans (Post-transplant, popcorn lung)

52. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (Milky BAL, GM-CSF Ab)

53. Amyloidosis (AL type, tracheobronchial deposits)