Other Theorists: John Rawls 

John Rawls was an American political philosopher who is best known for his work on political liberalism and justice. Some of his key arguments include:

1. The Original Position and the Veil of Ignorance: Rawls' most famous contribution to political theory is the idea of the original position and the veil of ignorance. In the original position, individuals are assumed to be rational and self-interested, but are behind a veil of ignorance that prevents them from knowing their own social position, race, gender, or other characteristics that could bias their decision-making. Rawls argued that this hypothetical situation could lead to a fair and just distribution of social goods and benefits.

2. The Priority of Liberty and Equality: Rawls argued that individual liberty and equality should be prioritized in a just society. He believed that a society should guarantee basic liberties and freedoms for all individuals, while also working to reduce inequalities and promote social justice.

3. Fair Equality of Opportunity: Rawls believed that a just society should ensure a fair distribution of social opportunities, particularly with regard to education and economic resources. He argued that everyone should have an equal chance to succeed and that social policies should be designed to promote social mobility and equal access to resources.

4. Political Liberalism: Rawls developed the idea of political liberalism, which emphasizes the importance of democratic processes, public reasoning, and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. He believed that a just society should be characterized by a vibrant public sphere in which individuals can engage in meaningful political debate and decision-making.

Overall, Rawls' work has been influential in shaping debates about justice, equality, and democracy in contemporary political theory. His ideas have been widely debated and contested, but continue to be relevant and influential for those seeking to build more just and equitable societies.