Other Theorists: Amartya Sen 

Amartya Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher who has made significant contributions to the fields of development economics, social choice theory, and welfare economics. Some of his key arguments include:

1. Capability Approach: Sen argues that the well-being of individuals should be measured not just in terms of their material wealth or income, but also in terms of their capabilities, which are the actual opportunities that individuals have to achieve valuable outcomes in their lives. In this approach, a focus on human capabilities highlights the importance of social and political institutions in enabling individuals to live flourishing lives.

2. Development as Freedom: Sen's book "Development as Freedom" argues that development should be viewed not just as a means to economic growth, but as a means to expand the freedoms and capabilities of individuals. This requires attention to factors such as political rights, social opportunities, and access to education and healthcare.

3. Social Choice Theory: Sen's work in social choice theory emphasizes the importance of individual preferences and values in collective decision-making. He has argued that traditional voting systems and economic models do not adequately capture the diversity of individual preferences and values, and has developed alternative frameworks for collective decision-making.

4. Poverty and Inequality: Sen has been a vocal critic of narrow conceptions of poverty that focus only on income or material wealth. He has argued that poverty is best understood as a deprivation of basic capabilities, such as the ability to access education, healthcare, and political participation. Similarly, Sen has emphasized the importance of addressing inequality not just in terms of income distribution, but also in terms of disparities in capabilities and access to social and political opportunities.

Overall, Sen's work has been influential in rethinking traditional approaches to development and welfare, and in highlighting the importance of individual capabilities, freedoms, and preferences in shaping social and economic outcomes.