Almohad

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. https://www.britannica.com

González Cavero, I. (2018). The Almohads: Politics, ideology, and architecture in the western Islamic world. Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies.

Jewish Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Almohades. https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com

Nabataea.net. (n.d.). The Great Mosque of Taza. https://www.nabataea.net

Petersen, A. (1999). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge.

Sánchez Llorente, F. (2025). La Giralda y la mezquita mayor de Sevilla: Historia y simbolismo. Editorial Almuzara.

Archnet. (n.d.). Islamic architecture site records (Tinmal Mosque; Great Mosque of Taza; Madinat al-Zahra; Bab Agnaou). https://archnet.org

Archiqoo. (n.d.). Great Mosque of Taza. https://archiqoo.com

Aroundus. (2025). Great Mosque of Taza – Photo record. https://aroundus.com

Department of Islamic Art. (n.d.). Islamic art and architectural elements. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://metmuseum.org

González Cavero, I. (2018). The Almohads and the Memory of Córdoba: Reuse, quotation, and architectural ideology. Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies.

Great Desert Tours. (2023). Tinmal Mosque – Visitor overview. https://greatdeserttours.com

Madainproject. (n.d.). Giralda Tower; Tinmal Mosque; Almohad monuments. https://madainproject.com

Madainproject. (2023). Tinmal Mosque (High Atlas) – Architectural description. https://madainproject.com

Max van Berchem Foundation. (2022). Madinat al-Zahra documentation archive. https://maxvanberchem.org

Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Marble capitals from al-Andalus; Horseshoe arch elements. https://metmuseum.org

Mosqpedia. (n.d.). Great Mosque of Taza; Tinmal Mosque; Almohad T-plan analysis. https://mosqpedia.org

Moroccan Way. (n.d.). Hassan Tower, Rabat – Historical overview. https://moroccanway.com

Notes Plus Ultra. (2011). Giralda façade documentation and sebka pattern study. https://notesplusultra.wordpress.com

Rosser-Owen, M. (2014). Islamic Art and the West: Reuse and Identity in the Medieval Mediterranean. British Museum Press.

Vallejo Triano, A. (2024). Madinat al-Zahra: New archaeological interpretations. Universidad de Córdoba Press.

Visit Marrakech Medina. (2025). Bab Agnaou and Almohad Kasbah – Visitor guide. https://visitmarrakechmedina.com

Westwards. (2022). Umayyad spolia in the Giralda – Travel and architectural notes. https://westwards.net

Alkadi, H. (2018). Muqarnas in Western Islamic Architecture: Form and Meaning. Journal of Islamic Art and Architecture.

Almenara Blanca. (2020). 3D Reconstruction of the Koutoubia Mosque Muqarnas Dome. https://almenarablanca.com

Archnet. (n.d.). Koutoubia Mosque (Kutubiyya). https://archnet.org

Cathedral of Seville. (n.d.). Koutoubia Mosque – History and Architecture. Archived version commonly accessed via: https://www.catedraldesevilla.es

Discover Islamic Art. (n.d.). Koutoubia Mosque – Museum With No Frontiers. https://www.discoverislamicart.org

Koutoubia Mosque – History and Architecture. (2018). Architectural summary and historical dossier.

Majidi, A., & Mhammedi, Y. (2025). Order and Repetition in Almohad Hypostyle Mosques. Moroccan Journal of Architectural Studies.

Stockstill, C. (2022). The Kutubiyya and the Visual Identity of Marrakesh. Journal of Maghribi Studies.

Archnet. (n.d.). Great Mosque of Seville (Giralda) – Site record. https://archnet.org

Bennison, A. K. (2016). The Almohads: The rise of an Islamic empire. Edinburgh University Press.

Bloom, J. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800. Yale University Press.

Casamar Pérez, M. (1992). La Giralda: El alminar de la mezquita mayor de Sevilla. Diputación Provincial de Sevilla.

Cathedral of Seville. (n.d.). Giralda Tower visitor information. https://www.catedraldesevilla.es

Giralda. (2024). La Giralda – Official site / informational dossier. https://www.giralda.com

Hernán Ruiz the Younger. (2024). Biographical and architectural profile. https://www.hermanruiz.info

Kiddle. (2024). Giralda (kids encyclopedia entry). https://kids.kiddle.co/Giralda

Madainproject. (n.d.). Giralda Tower – Architectural history and phases. https://madainproject.com

“Moorish Architecture.” (2024). Overview of Almohad decorative programs. https://moorisharchitecture.org

“Minaret.” (2023). Definition and examples of minaret forms. https://islamicarchitecture.org

Romero Sánchez, J. (2023). El Renacimiento en la Giralda de Sevilla. Revista de Arte y Patrimonio.

Sánchez Llorente, F. (2025). La Giralda y la antigua mezquita mayor de Sevilla: Historia y simbolismo. Editorial Almuzara.

Seville Traveller. (2025). Giralda Tower guide and panoramic viewpoints. https://seville-traveller.com

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (1987). Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/383

Archnet. (n.d.). Great Mosque of Taza. https://archnet.org

Discover Islamic Art. (n.d.). Great Mosque of Taza. Museum With No Frontiers.

Basset, M. (2020). Early Almohad Mosque Architecture in North Africa.

Jacobs, B. (2016). Sacred Spaces in Medieval Morocco.

Terrasse, H. (1968). La Mosquée Almohade de Taza.