1. True or False. Justify for full credit.
(a) If A and B are any two events, then P(A AND B) = P(A) + P(B).
(b) If the variance of a data set is 0, then all the observations in this data set must be identical.
(c) A normal distribution curve is always symmetric to its mean.
(d) When plotted on the same graph, a distribution with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation
of 5 will look more spread out than a distribution with a mean of 40 and standard deviation
of 8.
(e) In a left-tailed test, the value of the test statistic is -2. The test statistic follows a
distribution with the distribution curve shown below. If we know the shaded area is 0.03,
then we have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.
2. Choose the best answer. Justify for full credit.
(a) A study was conducted at a local college to analyze the average GPA of students graduated
from UMUC in 2016. 100 students graduated from UMUC in 2016 were randomly selected,
and the average GPA for the group is 3.5. The value 3.5 is a
(i) statistic
(ii) parameter
(iii) cannot be determined
(b) The hotel ratings are usually on a scale from 0 star to 5 stars. The level of this measurement is
(i) interval
(ii) nominal
(iii) ordinal
(iv) ratio
(c) On the day of the last presidential election, UMUC News Club organized an exit poll in which
specific polling stations were randomly selected and all voters were surveyed as they left those
polling stations. This type of sampling is called:
(i) cluster
(ii) convenience
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 3 of 8
(iii) systematic
(iv) stratified
3. The frequency distribution below shows the distribution for IQ scores for a random sample of
1000 adults. (Show all work. Just the answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.)
IQ Scores Frequency Cumulative Relative
Frequency
50 - 69 23
70 - 89 249
90 -109 0.722
110 - 129
130 - 149 25
Total 1000
(a) Complete the frequency table with frequency and cumulative relative frequency. Express the
cumulative relative frequency to three decimal places.
(b) What percentage of the adults in this sample has an IQ score of at least 110?
(c) Which of the following IQ score groups does the median of this distribution belong to?
70 – 89, 90 – 109, or 110 – 129? Why?
4. The five-number summary below shows the grade distribution of a STAT 200 quiz for a
sample of 100 students.
Answer each question based on the given information, and explain your answer in each case.
(a) What is the range in the grade distribution?
(b) Which of the following score bands has the most students?
(i) 30 - 50
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 4 of 8
(ii) 50 - 70
(iii) 70 - 90
(Iv) Cannot be determined
(c) How many students in the sample are in the score band between 70 and 100?
5. Consider selecting one card at a time from a 52-card deck. What is the probability that the first
card is an ace and the second card is also an ace? (Note: There are 4 aces in a deck of cards)
(Show all work. Just the answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.)
(a) Assuming the card selection is with replacement.
(b) Assuming the card selection is without replacement.
6. There are 2000 students in a high school. Among the 2000 students, 1500 students have a
laptop, and 900 students have a tablet. 500 students have a laptop and a tablet. Let L be the
event that a randomly selected student has a laptop, and T be the event that a randomly selected
student has a tablet. (Show all work. Just the answer, without supporting work, will receive no
credit.)
(a) Provide a written description of the complement event of (L OR T).
(b) What is the probability of complement event of (L OR T)?
7. Consider rolling a fair 6-faced die twice. Let A be the event that the sum of the two rolls is at
most 6, and B be the event that the first one is an even number.
(a) What is the probability that the sum of the two rolls is at most 6 given that the first one is an
even number? Show all work. Just the answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.
(b) Are event A and event B independent? Explain.
8. Answer the following two questions. (Show all work. Just the answer, without supporting
work, will receive no credit).
(a) The steering committee of UMUC Green Solutions Team consists of 3 committee members. 10
people are interested in serving in the committee. How many different ways can the committee
be selected?
(b) A bike courier needs to make deliveries at 6 different locations. How many different routes can
he take?
9. Let random variable x represent the number of girls in a family of three children.
(a) Construct a table describing the probability distribution. (5 pts)
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 5 of 8
(b) Determine the mean and standard deviation of x. (Round the answer to two decimal places)
10. Mimi just started her tennis class three weeks ago. On average, she is able to return 20% of her
opponent’s serves. Assume her opponent serves 10 times.
(a) Let X be the number of returns that Mimi gets. As we know, the distribution of X is a binomial
probability distribution. What is the number of trials (n), probability of successes (p) and probability of
failures (q), respectively?
(b) Find the probability that that she returns at least 1 of the 10 serves from her opponent.
11. A research concludes that the number of hours of exercise per week for adults is normally
distributed with a mean of 4 hours and a standard deviation of 3 hours. Show all work. Just the
answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.
(a) Find the 75th percentile for the distribution of exercise time per week. (round the answer to 2 decimal
places)
(b) What is the probability that a randomly selected adult has more than 7 hours of exercise per week?
(round the answer to 4 decimal places)
12. Based on the performance of all individuals who tested between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2015,
the GRE Verbal Reasoning scores are normally distributed with a mean of 150 and a standard
deviation of 8.45. (https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide_table1a.pdf). Show all work. Just
the answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.
(a) Consider all random samples of 36 test scores. What is the standard deviation of the sample
means?
(b) What is the probability that 36 randomly selected test scores will have a mean test score that is
between 148 and 152?
13. An insurance company checks police records on 500 randomly selected auto accidents and notes
that teenagers were at the wheel in 80 of them. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of
the proportion of auto accidents that involve teenage drivers. Show all work. Just the answer,
without supporting work, will receive no credit.
14. A city built a new parking garage in a business district. For a random sample of 60 days, daily
fees collected averaged $2,000, with a standard deviation of $400. Construct a 95% confidence
interval estimate of the mean daily income this parking garage generates. Show all work. Just
the answer, without supporting work, will receive no credit.
15. ABC Company claims that the proportion of its employees investing in individual investment
accounts is higher than national proportion of 45%. A survey of 200 employees in ABC
Company indicated that 100 of them have invested in an individual investment account.
Assume we want to use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim.
(a) Identify the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 6 of 8
(b) Determine the test statistic. Show all work; writing the correct test statistic, without supporting
work, will receive no credit.
(c) Determine the P-value for this test. Show all work; writing the correct P-value, without
supporting work, will receive no credit.
(d) Is there sufficient evidence to support ABC Company’s claim that the proportion of its employees
investing in individual investment accounts is higher than 45%? Explain.
16. Mimi was curious if regular excise really helps weight loss, hence she decided to perform a
hypothesis test. A random sample of 5 UMUC students was chosen. The students took a 30-
minute exercise every day for 6 months. The weight was recorded for each individual before
and after the exercise regimen. Does the data below suggest that the regular exercise helps
weight loss? Assume Mimi wants to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim.
Weight (pounds)
Subject Before After
1 150 130
2 170 160
3 185 180
4 160 160
5 200 180
(a) Identify the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
(b) Determine the test statistic. Show all work; writing the correct test statistic, without supporting
work, will receive no credit.
(c) Determine the p-value. Show all work; writing the correct critical value, without supporting
work, will receive no credit.
(d) Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that regular exercise helps weight loss? Justify
your conclusion.
17. In a pulse rate research, a simple random sample of 100 men results in a mean of 80 beats per
minute, and a standard deviation of 11 beats per minute. Based on the sample results, the
researcher concludes that the pulse rates of men have a standard deviation greater than 10 beats
per minutes. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the researcher’s claim.
(a) Identify the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
(b) Determine the test statistic. Show all work; writing the correct test statistic, without
supporting work, will receive no credit.
(c) Determine the P-value for this test. Show all work; writing the correct P-value, without
supporting work, will receive no credit.
(d) Is there sufficient evidence to support the researcher’s claim? Explain.
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 7 of 8
18. The UMUC MiniMart sells five different types of teddy bears. The manager reports that the
five types are equally popular. Suppose that a sample of 1000 purchases yields observed
counts 230, 170, 210, 180, and 210 for types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Use a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the five types are equally popular. Show all work and
justify your answer.
Type 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Teddy Bears 230 170 210 180 210
(a) Identify the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
(b) Determine the test statistic. Show all work; writing the correct test statistic, without supporting
work, will receive no credit.
(c) Determine the P-value. Show all work; writing the correct P-value, without supporting work,
will receive no credit.
(d) Is there sufficient evidence to support the manager’s claim that the five types of teddy bears
are equally popular? Justify your answer.
19. A STAT 200 instructor believes that the average quiz score is a good predictor of final exam
score. A random sample of 10 students produced the following data where x is the average quiz
score and y is the final exam score.
x 80 93 50 60 100 40 85 70 75 85
y 72 95 75 68 90 35 83 60 77 85
(a) Find an equation of the least squares regression line. Show all work; writing the correct
equation, without supporting work, will receive no credit.
(b) Based on the equation from part (a), what is the predicted final exam score if the average quiz
score is 90? Show all work and justify your answer.
20. A study of 10 different weight loss programs involved 500 subjects. Each of the 10 programs had
50 subjects in it. The subjects were followed for 12 months. Weight change for each subject was
recorded. We want to test the claim that the mean weight loss is the same for the 10 programs.
(a) Complete the following ANOVA table with sum of squares, degrees of freedom, and mean
square (Show all work):
Source of Variation Sum of Squares
(SS)
Degrees of Freedom
(df)
Mean Square
(MS)
Factor
(Between) 27.82
Error
(Within)
Total 985.07 499 N/A
STAT 200: Introduction to Statistics Final Examination, Spring 2017 OL1/US1 Page 8 of 8
(b) Determine the test statistic. Show all work; writing the correct test statistic, without supporting
work, will receive no credit.
(c) Determine the P-value. Show all work; writing the correct P-value, without supporting work,
will receive no credit.
(d) Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean weight loss is the same for the 10
programs at the significance level of 0.05? Explain.