Coaching is when someone helps you reach your goals by asking you questions and giving you feedback. A coach does not tell you what to do but helps you find your own answers and solutions.
Mentoring is when someone who knows more or has more experience helps and guides someone who knows less or has less experience. A mentor shares their knowledge, skills, and tips with the mentee, and helps them improve in their personal and professional life.
Counseling is when someone helps you deal with your emotions, thoughts, or behaviors that are causing you problems. A counselor listens to you, helps you understand why you feel or act the way you do, and gives you advice and support. A counselor may also teach you skills and ways to cope with your problems.
Consulting is when someone gives you expert advice or solutions for a problem or challenge that you have. A consultant looks at the situation, finds out what is causing the problem, and tells you what to do or change. A consultant may also help you do or change what they suggest.
Training is when someone teaches you specific knowledge or skills that you need to do something. A trainer shows you how to do something, explains the steps or rules, and checks if you understand and can do it.