Per the recommendation of some redditors on r/microgrowery, I topped the plants to start encouraging some flatter / wider growth (rather than vertical). They did note that the plants should be larger at this point, but I didn't get any feedback as to what I might be able to do better (this time or next). This first set of images are the "before topping"...
These are after topping. I cropped off what I believe is the 3rd node (I think?). I did it just prior to "lights-out" to allow some time to recoup before another full day of lights. I hope I don't regret this...
So after a few days of panicking and Googling, things are starting to come back around. They were looking pretty sad for the past two days, and I've been pretty concerned with the rate of growth. I retested my water's pH and it was closer to 8, but got to about 6.8 after running the water for a few minutes, meaning I should probably pH some water before giving it to the plants.
While I know that topping will work, next time, I'll wait it out until there are at least 4-5 nodes. Now I'll have to wait for them to recover a bit.