Constipation means having bowel movements less often than usual or having hard, difficult-to-pass stools.
Doctors use this term because bowel habits vary from person to person. Constipation is a symptom, not a diagnosis, and it can be temporary or ongoing.
Doctors most often use constipation because of common causes such as:
Low fiber intake
Not drinking enough fluids
Medications, such as pain medicines or iron supplements
Low physical activity
Stress or changes in routine
Constipation is very common and often related to daily habits.
People with constipation may notice:
Fewer bowel movements
Hard or dry stools
Straining during bowel movements
Feeling of incomplete emptying
Abdominal discomfort or bloating
Symptoms can build up gradually.
Bowel movements can slow due to dehydration, low fiber intake, stress, or medication effects.
Stool buildup can cause pressure and gas, leading to abdominal discomfort or bloating.
Incomplete emptying can happen when stool is hard or bowel muscles are not coordinating well.
Changes in diet, activity, schedule, and hydration can affect bowel habits.
Doctors may evaluate constipation using:
Symptom history and duration
Diet, fluid, and medication review
Physical exam
Blood tests or imaging only if constipation is ongoing or severe
Most constipation does not require extensive testing.
Constipation is often managed by a primary care doctor.
Gastroenterologist – for long-term or severe constipation
Pelvic floor specialist – if muscle coordination issues are suspected
Referral depends on duration and response to treatment.
For many people, next steps may include:
Increasing fiber and fluid intake
Improving physical activity
Adjusting medications if possible
Short-term laxatives if recommended
Follow-up if constipation continues
Many cases improve with simple changes.
This page is for educational purposes only.
It does not diagnose any condition.
Always follow guidance from a qualified healthcare professional.