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way” in the investigation and prosecution of the traffickers.16 HHS requires a statement from law enforcement that says the adult victim is cooperating in the investigation. A statement from law enforcement is not necessary to deem a minor victim of trafficking eligible for benefits. Obtaining certification for a victim is a complex process best handled by an experienced immigration attorney. However, a lack of certification should not alter the services offered by certified domestic violence centers. The HHS Certification Letter opens the door to a wide range of public assistance options for non-US citizens and should be discussed with an immigration attorney. Victims who receive Continued Presence, T-Visas, or U-Visas are able to bring certain family members to join them in the US, depending on the age of the victim. 13“Continued Presence” 14“Victims of Human Trafficking: T Nonimmigrant Status” 15“Victims of Criminal Activity: U Nonimmigrant Status” 16: “The victim is at the center of any response to human trafficking. Creating conditions of trust and respect will help victims reclaim their lives and move toward self-sufficiency and independence. All victims deserve to feel safe and supported, and when quality care, compassionate responses, and essential services are provided, not only will they recover from their victimization, but they are usually more capable and willing to present strong evidence and testimony in the prosecution of perpetrators, thereby helping to accomplish important justice and restitution goals.”17 ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING The purpose of an advocate asking about human trafficking is to provide information, support, and resources related to the victim’s rights, benefits, and possible relief. In many ways, certified domestic violence center advocates are prepared to work with victims of trafficking. Advocates are accustomed to navigating various systems and recognize that survivors’ experiences with violence are complex, often requiring many types of assistance. Moreover, advocates understand the importance of confidentiality, have experience creating safety plans, and can respond to immediate crises within an empowerment-based philosophy. IDENTIFYING TRAFFICKING IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SITUATIONS Trafficking largely goes unseen and many victims do not self-identify as being trafficked. It is more likely that an individual will seek services or support for a different reason, such as violence within the home. Certified domestic violence center advocates should be aware that domestic violence survivors may also be victims of trafficking. By appropriately identifying that someone is a victim of trafficking, advocates can better identify and address that survivor’s specific needs and provide options for assistance and benefits. In order to screen for trafficking, advocates must first establish a trusting relationship, address confidentiality, and explain their role in providing assistance prior to asking questions. Advocates should ask about trafficking if their “radar” or intuition says the person may be a victim of trafficking. Screening tools assist advocates working with potential victims of trafficking. Questions should be asked with empathy and a trauma-informed approach. A comprehensive list of screening questions can be found in part three of this manual. 17“Victim Service Providers” 16 17 ADVOCACY Similar to the approach used with domestic violence survivors, advocates working with victims of human trafficking should use a survivor-focused, trauma-informed, and empowerment-based approach to understanding the needs of a victim of trafficking. When advocating for victims of trafficking, advocates should: Partner with the victim to address societal and institutional barriers that hinder the victim’s ability to make progress and seek solutions to the barriers encountered Be straightforward and honest about your understanding of the system and any limitations that may exist Talk about any risks, concerns, and fears related to accessing the criminal or civil justice systems Affirm the victim’s right of self-determination Avoid imposing your own personal values or ideas on the victim Coordinate with other agencies at the request of the victim Provide