As it relates to the alignment of the Reflective Models and my teaching practices, I reflected on the reflective models (pun intended) quite a bit. Throughout my lecturing experience over the past 12 years so far, I realised that I have employed various models as different points in time and in some cases more than one. My transition over the years from Teaching Assistant, to Instructor, to Adjunct Lecturer and even now, holding a career as a Project Officer/Statistician in the UWI Professional space, have all appeared to influence my reflective practices and evolution as an educator.
Schön (1991) Model of Reflection: Image by Said Nasser Al-Amrani (2021) used under fair dealing for educational purposes.
In the beginning of my career, I was not in the mode of formally reflecting on my practices. I realised what worked for me then was reflecting on how I liked to be taught and what information I retained since I was pursuing graduate degrees myself at that time In that way, I noticed what worked in the classroom and how students were able to grasp concepts. This allowed me to really fine tune my approaches based on their feedback. In this way, with no formal training, I employed the model by Schön (1991), where I generally reflected quickly on what happened in the moment (student questions and difficulties, methods that did/did not work) and then mused on what sorts of changed I could make based on researching new content or advice from my mentor (my graduate supervisor who previously taught the course). This approach was very helpful at the start of my career, and I have retained it in my overall reflective process after all these years.
As I taught more classes and read the Student Course Evaluations which gave end-of-semester feedback, my approaches in the classroom also evolved. I was overjoyed by the encouraging feedback students gave but I also took into account areas for improvement, such as the need for more tutorial questions and examples. I can say now that my reflections were more so aligned with the model by Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper (2001). The ‘What’ model with those three key questions of What? So What? Now What? were influential in my analysis.
"I felt like I was always very aware of the "What did not work in this lesson today?" more than the parts which worked first and foremost."
At that time, a level of perfectionism was at play in my own self-awareness to ensure that I lived up to the standards of a true academic and I would spend time reflecting on how long it took to explain the topic, what parts students were unable to grasp and how I could approach it different next time. Honestly, this felt intimidating at first, but I was up for the challenge.
Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper (2001) Model of Reflection
Kolb’s Model of Experiential Learning (1984)
However, as I grew more self-aware as both an individual and an academic, my past experiences allowed me to expand more in my levels of thinking. I developed a more constructivist approach in the classroom. I implored my students to ask me questions and be critical of the work being taught. I wanted to learn more from them rather than trying to forcefully feed them information in the hopes they would understand. My focus became more centralised on interactive learning and student-centeredness to allow my dear students to construct their own knowledge. This in itself elevated my reflection process. In collaboration with the previous approach using Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper (2001), I now added a combination of the Kolb’s Model of Experiential Learning (1984) to use my semester experiences aligned with educational research to improve my teaching abilities in the classroom.
At this point I was excited to use my reflective practices in action. I tested out new approaches, for instance, creating summary notes for the lectures to accompany the textbook topics. I wrote the summary notes to complement the lectures, but student feedback was very fascinating, as they actually preferred the summary notes to the textbook! This motivated me to create a 'Probability Model Questions and Solutions' Booklet to provide even more support for the classroom content. This experimentation also proved successful with the students, but I did not want them to become creatures of habit, only regurgitating what was taught and not being able to think for themselves critically. I believe this was always a careful line I walked with such an approach.
However, I felt very supported by the CETL over the years.
The Guardian Premium Teaching sessions (which I attended every year since 2009) really allowed me to listen to educational practitioners in the field and jot down short notes (which I still have ) to assist me in my reflective analysis.
This was the driving force in creating those connections with more formal models to ensure I gave the students the best experience in the classroom since I had no previous formal training. More recently when I took on the additional role as Coordinator of a Mathematics Help Centre, I reflected even more. In this role, I interacted with students from all levels in various Faculties at the UWI who had problems with Mathematics and Statistics topics. This gave me even more reflective insights about students and how they interacted with such quantitative content with varying levels of anxiety.
In this way I developed a newfound sense of my identity as an educator and started to advance more into the Gibb's model (1998). This model is really central to who I am currently as a person. My levels of emotional intelligence have allowed me to really use the reflective 6-step process to create an action plan for what I would do differently in the future. For me this is key, and I have enjoyed deriving new ways to approach classroom techniques to engage students, using collaborative methods and technology (YouTube, screencasts, games etc.) for reinforcement.
Gibbs (1998) Reflective Model
Brookfield's Model (1995)
At present, I have started to engage more in a cyclical process of some semblance of what I now know to be Brookfield's model (1995). In the CUTL programme I have been quite fascinated by these four lenses for critical reflection: the autobiographical: the students' eyes, my colleagues' experiences, and the theoretical literature. It made me realise that I needed to source not only my own feedback, as well as students' but also those of colleagues in the department (and even other departments as well). I appreciate the CUTL courses which have provided me with a means to also engage more in peer observation and scholarship of teaching. I feel like it has enhanced my level of critical thinking and ability to provide more meaningful feedback in the classroom.
Lastly, upon reflecting on my reflections, I can honestly say it has been quite refreshing to see my progress and examine my strengths and weaknesses.
I appreciate this opportunity to really 'mull over my practice critically in order to gain new understandings and improve future practice', as Finlay (2008) pointed out.
I definitely agree this is a life-long learning process and it is one of the main reasons I am happy to be an educator.
References:
Brookfield, Stephen. Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 1995
Finlay, Linda (2008). Reflecting on ‘Reflective practice’. Practice-based Professional Learning Paper 52, The Open University.
Gibbs, G. (1998) Learning by Doing A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford Brooks University, Oxford.
Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kurt, D. S. (2022, September 25). Kolb's experiential learning theory & learning styles. Educational Technology. Retrieved from https://educationaltechnology.net/kolbs-experiential-learning-theory-learning-styles/
Reflection means more than keeping a diary. SoR. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sor.org/news/students/reflection-means-more-than-keeping-a-diary
Review and Research. Gathering evidence. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ucd.ie/teaching/resources/reviewandresearch/gatheringevidence/
Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D., Jasper, M. (2001) Critical reflection in nursing and the helping professions: a user's guide. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schon, D. A. (1991). The reflective practitioner. Ashgate Publishing.