Krok 1 – 2015 Base(Anatomy)
1. A mother of a newborn complains of her baby’s constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
1. Labium leporium
2. Anal atresia
3. Faux lupinum
4. Esophageal atresia
5. Esophageal fistula
2. A patient’s blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
1. Polycytemia
2. Vitamin B deficiency
3. Hepatitis
4. Myocardial infarction
5. Splenomegaly
3. A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin’s glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin’s glands located?
1. The vagina
2. The labia minor
3. The clitoris
4. The uterus
5. The labia major
4. The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in the condition of hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of consciousness at the heat stroke?
1. Decreased brain blood supply
2. Increased water loss through sweating
3. Decrease of heart output
4. Arterial pressure drop
5. Dilatation of peripheral vessels
5. Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?
1. Until 3 months
2. Before the child is born
3. Until the end of the first year of life
4. Until 6 months
5. Until the end of the second year of life
6. Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
1. Myometrium
2. Mesometrium
3. Endometrium
4. Parametrium
5. Perimetrium
7. A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry came to the trauma unit. The objective data are: there are no extension, adduction or pronation functions of the arm. What muscle damage caused this condition?
1. Subscapular
2. Teres major
3. Teres minor
4. Supraspinous
5. Subspinous
8. A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with complaints of abrupt sharp pain in the epigastric region. After examination it was diagnosed: perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach. Where did content of the stomach flow out while perforation?
1. To the proventriculus sack
2. To the right mesenteric sinus
3. To the liver bursa
4. To the left mesenteric sinus
5. To the omental bursa
9. A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
1. The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
2. It's the effect of bronchitis
3. It is caused by abnormal position
4. It is caused by neoplastic process
5. It is caused by thymus inflammation
10. Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
1. Subclavicular vein
2. External jugular vein
3. Jugular venous arch
4. Inferior thyroid arthery
5. Superior thyroid arthery
11. Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn’t spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
1. By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
2. By pure oxygene inhalation
3. By artificial pulmonary ventilation
4. By surfactant introduction
5. By glycose introduction
12. After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with restoration of bloodstream?
1. Aa. digitales palmares communes
2. Arcus palmaris superficialis
3. Aa. metacarpeae palmares
4. Aa. Perforantes
5. Arcus palmaris profundus
13. Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate. Malonic acid HOOC- CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this enzyme. Choose the inhibition type:
1. Allosteric
2. Non-competitive
3. Limited proteolysis
4. Competitive
5. Dephosphorylation
14. An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?
1. Caecum
2. Rectum
3. Colon ascendens
4. Colon transverses
5. Colon descendens
15. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
1. Duodenum
2. Ileum
3. Jejunum
4. Caecum
5. Colon ascendens
16. A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
1. Superior and inferior lingular
2. Apical and posterior basal
3. Apical and median basal
4. Medial and lateral
5. Apical, posterior, anterior
17. A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
1. Profound finger flexor
2. Superficial finger flexor
3. Lumbrical muscles
4. Palmar interosseous muscles
5. Dorsal interosseous muscles
18. An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been damaged in this region?
1. a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica
2. a. carotis interna et a. subclavia
3. a. carotis externa et a. subclavia
4. a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica
5. a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna
19. A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
1. Tr. cortico-nuclearis
2. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
3. Tr. cortico-thalamicus
4. Tr. cortico-spinalis
5. Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
20. A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
1. Anti-inflammatory
2. Antishock
3. Immunosuppressive
4. Antiallergi
5. Antitoxic
21. A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it?
1. Protoporphyrin
2. Uroporphyrinogen 1
3. Uroporphyrinogen 2
4. Heme
5. Coproporphyrinogen 3
22. A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of while color and 5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on the child?
1. Enterobins vermicularis
2. Trichuris
3. Ancylostoma duodenalis
4. Trichina
5. Ascaris lumbricoides
23. A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
1. Digitus medius
2. Digitus minimus
3. Pollex
4. Digitus anularis
5. Index
24. A 50 year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical examination. What artety was injured
1. The posterior cerebral artery
2. The anterior cerebral artery
3. The middle cerebral artery
4. The posterior communicating artery
5. The anterior communicating artery
25. A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial group of femoral muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to do?
1. Abduction of femur
2. Extension of femur
3. Flexion of femur
4. Adduction of femur
5. Suppination of femur
26. A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
1. Inferior nasal turbinate
2. Median nasal turbinate
3. Vestibule of nose
4. Common nasal meatus
5. Superior nasal turbinate
27. Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented?
1. М. levator scapulae
2. М. Subscapularis
3. М. romboideus major
4. М. latissimus dorsi
5. М. trapezius
28. Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause this symptoms?
1. Mesencephalic tegmentum
2. Cerebral peduncles (cruces cerebri)
3. Pons cerebella
4. Hypothalamus
5. Medulla
29. In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
1. Round ligament of uterus
2. Uterine tube
3. Urethra
4. Internal iliac vein
5. Ureter
30. A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
1. Anconeus muscle
2. Biceps muscle of arm
3. Coracobrachial muscle
4. Triceps muscle of arm
5. Brachial muscle
31. After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with an injury of the medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be damaged in this case?
1. n. Ulnaris
2. n. muscolocutaneus
3. n. axillaris
4. n. medianus
5. n. radialis
32. A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
1. Subscapular nerve
2. Dorsal scapular nerve
3. Axillary nerve
4. Subclavicular nerve
5. Throracodorsal nerve
33. A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache, pain in left hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness began with the increase of body temperature up to 39,9oC. In 3 hours the temperature decreased and hydropoiesis began. The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is necessary to use?
1. Immunological tests
2. Stool examination
3. Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge
4. Blood examination
5. Urine examination
34. A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?
1. Oxidative phosphorylation
2. Tissue respiration
3. Peroxide decomposition
4. Anaerobic glycolysis
5. Aminoacids desamination
35. A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly of external genitals development is the case?
1. Phimosis
2. Hermaphroditism
3. Hypospadia
4. Epispadia
5. Paraphimosis
36. Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
1. Diaphragmatic
2. Superior laryngeal
3. Mandibular
4. Sublingual
5. Recurrent laryngeal
37. A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
1. Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
2. Muscles of middle ear
3. Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
4. Tympanic membrane
5. Eustachian tube
38. It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went through the following ligament:
1. Yellow (flaval)
2. Anterior longitudinal
3. Iliolumbar
4. Intertransverse
5. Posterior longitudinal
39. A patient has a malignisation of thoracic part of esophagus. What lymphatic nodes are regional for this organ?
1. Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis
2. Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriors
3. Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis
4. Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterals
5. Anulus lymphaticus cardiae
40. In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?
1. Ligamentum gastrocolicum
2. Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale
3. Ligamentum hepatorenale
4. Ligamentum hepatogastricum
5. Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum
41. A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum?
1. Cortisol
2. Thyroxine
3. Insulin
4. ACTH
5. Mineralocorticoids
42. Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
1. Tonsilla palatine
2. Tonsilla lingualis
3. Tonsilla tubaria
4. Tonsilla pharyngealis
43. Child inspired button. Where is it likely to be?
1. In the left main bronchus
2. In the right main bronchus
3. In the larynx
4. In the trachea
5. In the gullet
44. A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?
1. Peroneal artery
2. Posterior tibial artery
3. Popliteal artery
4. Proximal part of femoral artery
5. Anterior tibial artery
45. A 7-year-old child can’t abduct the shoulder, raise it to the horizontal level. He can raise the hand to the face only with dorsal side with abduction of the shoulder (with help of supraspinous muscle ) – “bugler” arm. Active function of what muscle is absent?
1. Teres minor
2. Infraspinous
3. Pectoral major
4. Deltoid
5. Teres major
46. A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm aside from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
1. N.radialis
2. N.medianus
3. N.axillaris
4. N.ulnaris
5. N.subclavius
47. A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
1. Catecholamines
2. Aldosterone
3. ACTH
4. Glucocorticoids
5. Thyroidal hormones
48. A man after 1,5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?
1. Parathormone
2. Cortisol
3. Natriuretic
4. Vasopressin
5. Corticotropin
49. In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
1. Median colic
2. Dexter colic
3. Ileocolic
4. Superior mesenteric artery
5. Sinister colic
50. Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active centre of enzyme. Name this factor:
1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. The presence of a competitive inhibitor
4. The surplus of a product
5. pH medium
51. A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
1. Right mesenteric sinus
2. Vesicouterine pouch
3. Rectouterine pouch
4. Omental bursa
5. Left mesenteric sinus
52. A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
1. Palmar interosseous muscles
2. Lumbrical muscles
3. Dorsal interosseous muscles
4. Superficial finger flexor
5. Profound finger flexor
53. A patient’s knee joint doesn’t extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?
1. Big fibular nerve
2. Superior gluteal nerve
3. Obturator nerve
4. Femoral nerve
5. Inferior gluteal nerve
54. A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
1. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
2. Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
3. Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
4. Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
5. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
55. The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention of subcutaneous venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper extremities. What venous trunk is pressed with tumour?
1. Internal jugular vein
2. External jugular vein
3. Clavicular vein
4. Frontal jugular vein
5. Superior vena cava
56. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was puncturated?
1. Spatium epidurale
2. Spatium subdurale
3. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
4. Cavum trigeminale
5. Spatium subarachnoideum
57. A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the heart and joints and pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of development of post-infarction Dressler’s syndrome?
1. Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium
2. Vessels ' thrombosis
3. Secondary infection
4. Ischemia of myocardium
5. Autoimmune inflammation
58. A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?
1. Deep lingual artery
2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
3. Lingual artery
4. Dorsal lingual artery
5. Facial artery
59. A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
1. Inferior gluteal
2. External iliac
3. Obturator
4. Femoral
5. Internal pudendal
60. A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke. What changes in patient’s behavior may be expected?
1. Aggressive behavior
2. Thirst
3. Depression
4. Unsatisfied hunger
5. The rejection of food
61. Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?
1. Posterior cerebral artery
2. Anterior communicating artery
3. Anterior cerebral artery
4. Middle cerebral artery
5. Basilar artery
62. Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
1. Hypospadia
2. Epispadia
3. Monorchism
4. Hermaphroditism
5. Cryptorchism
63. The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings .What substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
1. Pyruvate
2. Glucose
3. Glutamate
4. Alanine
5. Lactate
64. A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?
1. n.facialis
2. n.abducens
3. n.trochlearis
4. n.trigeminus
5. n.aculomotorius
65. The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
1. L V-S I
2. L II-L III
3. L I-L II
4. Th XII-L I
5. L III-L IV
66. Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?
1. To the interpterygoid space
2. To the orbit
3. To the frontal sinus
4. To the subgaleal temporal space
5. To the tympanic cavity
67. Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein because it is slightly movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What does it fix in the cubital fossa?
1. Anconeus muscle
2. Aponeurosis of biceps muscle
3. Brachial muscle
4. Tendon of the triceps muscle
5. Brachioradial muscle
68. Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
1. Cytosine
2. Adenine
3. Uracil
4. Cysteine
5. Dihydrouracil
69. A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (long-term retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
1. Pars inferior
2. Pars descendens
3. Pars superior
4. Flexura duodeni inferior
5. Pars ascendens
70. After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?
1. Through the auditory tube
2. Through canalis caroticus
3. Through atrium mastoideum
4. Through foramen jugularis
5. Through canalis nasolacrimalis
71. The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has exposed afferent glomerular arteriole, which has giant cells under its endothelium, containing secretory granules. Name the type of these cells:
1. Smoothmuscular
2. Juxtaglomerular
3. Juxtavascular
4. Mesangial
5. Interstitial
72. A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
1. Long flexor muscle of thumb
2. Short flexor muscle of thumb
3. Short abductor muscle of thumb
4. Abductor muscle of thumb
5. Opposer muscle of thumb
73. Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
1. To the left venous corner
2. To the right venous corner
3. To the left inguinal vein
4. To the superior vena cava
5. To the inferior vena cava
74. An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?
1. VI
2. III
3. V
4. II
5. IV
75. An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?
1. The body of the thigh bone
2. Condyle of the thigh
3. The neck of the thigh
4. Pubic bone
5. Ischial bone
76. A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
1. Greater psoas muscle
2. Iliac muscle
3. Abdominal internal oblique muscle
4. Erector muscle of spine
5. Abdominal external oblique muscle
77. During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems found?
1. Ascendant part
2. Bulb
3. Upper horizontal part
4. Descendent part
5. Lower horizontal part
78. While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed?
1. Papillae vallatae
2. Papillae filiformes
3. Papillae fungiformes
4. Papillae conicae
5. Papillae foliatae
79. A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues between tibia and fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured?
1. Membrane
2. Ligament
3. Fontanel
4. Gomphosis
5. Suture
80. During complicated labour the symphysis pubis ruptured. What organ can be damaged mostly?
1. Rectum
2. Uterine tubes
3. Urinary blader
4. Ovaria
5. Uterus
81. In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Major bronchs
4. Median bronchs
5. Minor bronchs
82. Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels:
1. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
2. Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
3. Superior cava and aorta
4. Superior cava and pulmonary trunk
5. Aorta and pulmonary veins
83. During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
1. Тr. Thalamocorticalis
2. Tr. Frontothalamicus
3. Tr. Pyramidalis
4. Tr. Parietooccipitopontinus
5. Tr. frontopontinus
84. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
1. Transverse fascia
2. Inguinal ligament
3. Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
4. Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
5. Peritoneum
85. In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?
1. Inferior lobe
2. Bronchopulmonary segment
3. Superior lobe
4. Middle lobe
5. Pulmonary lobule
86. A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
1. Hepatoduodenal ligament
2. Hepatorenal ligament
3. Hepatogastric ligament
4. Round ligament of liver
5. Venous ligament
87. The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
1. Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
2. Heart temperature
3. Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
4. Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
5. Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
88. Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are noticed on the X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?
1. Sciatic, femoral, sacral
2. Pubic, sciatic, femoral
3. Iliac, sacral, coccyx
4. Iliac, pubic, sciatic
5. Sacral, pubic, coccyx
89. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
1. Supramarginal gyrus
2. Superior part of precentral gyrus
3. Superior parietal lobule
4. Angular gyrus
5. Inferior part of precentral gyrus
90. Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?
1. Fetal
2. Embryonal
3. Mature
4. Ampullar
91. A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?
1. M.sternocleidomastoideus
2. M.latissimus dorsi
3. M.rhomboideus minor
4. M.trapezius
5. M.scalenus anterior
92. A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery . What place on the face has to be pressed to stop bleeding?
1. The mental process
2. The mandible’s edge
3. The mandible’s branch
4. The nose’s back
5. The molar bone
93. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
3. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
4. Tectospinal tract
5. Reticulospinal tract
94. After a trauma a patient lost ability of elbow extension. This might have been caused by dysfunction of the following main muscle:
1. m. subscapularis
2. m. teres major
3. m. infraspinatus
4. m. levator scapulae
5. m. triceps brachii
95. Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary tumour:
1. Mammary gland
2. Lung
3. Stomach
4. Submandibular salivary gland
5. Thyroid gland
96. A histological spacemen presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries between them; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these morphological features?
1. Kidney
2. Thymus
3. Lymph node
4. Adrenal gland
5. Thyroid
97. A 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injure of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
1. Nasal roller
2. Choanes
3. Nostrils
4. Nasal limen
5. Nasal septa
98. A 19 year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to stop bleeding during the surgical operation?
1. The ileocolic artery
2. The colica media
3. The colica sinistra
4. The colica dextra
5. The iliac
99. A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
1. Lumbrical muscles
2. Long flexors of fingers
3. Extensors
4. Breviflexors of fingers
5. Interosseous muscles
100. A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface of his shoulder. This is the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:
1. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
2. Axillary nerve
3. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
4. Radial nerve
5. Ulnar nerve
101. After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral cortex:
1. Gyrus lingualis
2. Gyrus angularis
3. Gyrus paracentralis
4. Gyrus parahippocampalis
5. Gyrus supramarginalis
102. A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis – suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?
1. Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus
2. Carotid canal
3. Canaliculus chordal tympani
4. Canaliculi caroticotympanici
5. Musculortubal canal
103. A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
1. Sublingual
2. Trochlear
3. Vagus
4. Trigeminus
5. Vestibulocochlear
104. A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on one side of the lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged veins, formation of nodes. The pathological process has started in the following vein:
1. V. saphena magna
2. V. profunda femoris
3. V. iliaca externa
4. V. femoralis
5. V. saphena parva
105. A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
1. Uterine and ovarian
2. Uterine and inferior cystic
3. Inferior cystic and ovarian
4. Uterine and superior cystic
5. Superior cystic and ovarian
106. Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
1. Intermediate lateral nucleus
2. Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
3. Proper nucleus of gray substance
4. Thoracic nucleus
5. Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
107. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to be?
1. Aorta abdominalis
2. Vena cava superior
3. Vena cava inferior
4. Vena porta
5. Vena hepatica
108. Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
1. Cerebellum
2. Midbrain
3. Interbrain
4. Pons cerebella
5. Medulla oblongata
109. As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?
1. M.tibialis anterior
2. M.flexor digitorum longus
3. M.peroneus longus
4. M.flexor hallucis longus
5. M.peroneus brevis
110. Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is squeezed with tumour?
1. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
2. Cystic duct
3. Common hepatic duct
4. Right hepatic duct
5. Left hepatic duct
111. A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, not reacting on the light were revealed on examination. Function of what muscles is disturbed?
1. Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
2. Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
3. Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
4. Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
5. Pupil narrowing and dilating muscle
112. Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?
1. Radial
2. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
3. Musculocutaneous nerve
4. Ulnar
5. Cardiac cutaneous nerve
113. A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine – oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
1. Reduced permeamility of renal filter
2. Drop of oncotic blood pressure
3. Decreased number of functioning glomerules
4. Decreased glomerular filtration
5. Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
114. A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage can induce such changes in the spine curvature?
1. Iliolumbar ligament
2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
3. Yellow ligament
4. Anterior longitudinal ligament
5. Interspinous ligament
115. A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count: erythrocytes – 4,0*1012/l, Нb – 120 g/l, color index – 0,9, leukocytes – 18*109/l, basophils – 0, eosinophils – 0, myelocytes – 0, juvenile – 0, stab neutrophils – 20, segmentonuclear neutrophils – 53, lymphocytes – 21, monocytes – 5. How is such nuclear shift of leukocytic formula called?
1. Hyperregenerative
2. Degenerative left shift
3. Right shift
4. Regeneratively-degenerative
5. Regenerative left shift
116. A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
1. Keeled chest
2. Funnel chest
3. Cylindrical chest
4. Flat chest
5. Barrel chest
117. A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?
1. V.v.tympanicae
2. V.v.labyrinthi
3. V.facialis
4. V.v.auriculares
5. V.emissariaе mastoideaе
118. Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a man’s feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed forward and wide round shaped back end. On the forward end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleuses and two short vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?
1. Lamblia
2. Dysenteric amoeba
3. Balantidium
4. Intestinal amoeba
5. Trichomonas
119. During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial (Botallo’s) duct is functioning which converts into lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect between each other?
1. Pulmonary trunk and aorta
2. Right and left auricle
3. Aorta and inferior vena cava
4. Aorta and superior vena cava
5. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
120. A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle’s function is disturbed?
1. Triceps muscle of thigh
2. Biceps muscle of thigh
3. Semitendinous muscle
4. Quadriceps muscle of thigh
5. Semimembranous muscle
121. Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
1. Tonsilla palatine
2. Tonsilla lingualis
3. Tonsilla pharyngea
4. Tonsilla tubaria
122. Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
1. Ileum
2. Colon sigmoideum
3. Colon ascendens
4. Colon transversum
5. Caecum
123. A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
1. Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles
2. Left atrium
3. Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles
4. Right atrium
5. Right atrioventricular valve
124. A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively: flexibility, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?
1. Infraspinous muscle
2. Teres major muscle
3. Supraspinous muscle
4. Subscapular muscle
5. Teres minor muscle
125. A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?
1. Hyperproduction of ACTH
2. Sensibilization
3. Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
4. Habituation
5. Cumulation
126. During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year- old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
1. Iliofemoral
2. Perpendicular of the acetabule
3. The head of the thigh
4. Pubofemoral
5. Ischiofemoral
127. A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal muscles (lateral and anterior). During objective examination a physician diagnosticated increased pain sensitivity of skin in the hypogastric region. This pain might be caused by affection of the following nerve:
1. Femoral
2. Sciatic
3. Obturator
4. Genitofemoral
5. Iliohypogastric
128. Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
1. Tyrosine
2. Valine
3. Glutamic
4. Lisine
5. Tryptophan
129. A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?
1. Right mesenteric sinus
2. Hepatic bursa
3. Omental bursa
4. Antegastrial bursa
5. Left mesenteric sinus
130. While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
1. Posterior mediastinal
2. Profound lateral cervical
3. Bronchopulmonary
4. Superior diaphragmal
5. Parasternal
131. A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperior area of his thigh and his foot’s thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?
1. Internal longitudinal
2. Superficial inguinal
3. Deep inguinal
4. Superficial longitudinal
5. General longitudinal
132. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
1. Posterior
2. Lateral
3. Anterior
4. Medial
5. Superior
133. Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. Imperfection of what formation can cause it?
1. Testicle adnexa
2. Testicles
3. Bulb-uretic glands
4. Prostate
5. Sperm bubbles
134. While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
1. A.axillaris
2. A.vertebralis
3. A.subscapularis
4. A.profunda brachii
5. A.transversa colli
135. The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is 10 per/min, and the tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient’s dead space ventilation?
1. 0,7 L/min
2. 1,0 L/min
3. 4,3 L/min
4. 2,0 L/min
136. A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion of liver rupture was admitted to the traumatological department. In what peritonial structure will blood accumulate?
1. Excavatio rectovesicalis
2. Bursa omentalis
3. Recessus intersigmoideus
4. Fossa ischio-analis
5. Recessus duodenalis inferior
137. A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
1. Large lips of pudendum
2. Uterus
3. Vagina
4. Small lips of pudendum
5. Clitoris
138. While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
1. Urarchus
2. Lig. Inguinalе
3. Funiculus spermaticus
4. Lig. teres uteri
139. Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What ligament should be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the uterus?
1. Lateral umbilical ligament
2. Broad ligament of uterus
3. Suspensory ligament of ovary
4. The ovarial ligament
5. Round ligament of uterus
140. A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the joint. On examination: severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed?
1. Neck of the thigh bone
2. Knee-cap
3. Head of the thigh bone
4. Right epicondyle of the thigh
5. Left epicondyle of the thigh
141. After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in reestablishment of blood flow:
1. Descending genicular artery
2. Superficial epigastric artery
3. Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone
4. Deep external pudendal artery
5. Deep femoral artery
142. While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers’ pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
1. Right atrium
2. Left atrium
3. Left ventricle
4. Right ventricle