How to decant formula for patients with kidney disease
Always decant with Kayexalate first and Renvela (or other phosphorus binder)
Always use the powder form
Never use the tablets for decanting
Packets are 0.8 g or 2.4 g
Recommend starting small and titrating based on labs
Added to formula with instructions to pour off specific volume of formula for use
Never administer the precipitate that forms when you decant
calcium carbonate
Use liquid form only
Typical dose
5 mL liquid = 1250 mg
40% elemental calcium
Can cause hypercalcemia
Added to formula with no instructions to pour off specific volume of formula for use - do not have to pour anything off
Calcium acetate
Use liquid form only (Phoslyra)
5 mg liquid = 667 mg
25.3% elemental calcium
Added to formula with no instructions to pour off specific volume of formula for use - do not have to pour anything off
Never have issues with it clogging the tube
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
MEchanism of action
Binds potassium ions in the GI tract and prevents intestinal absorption (sodium exchange)
Comes in powder or liquid form
Typical doses
4 level teaspoons = 15 grams
60 mL = 15 grams
Can cause diarrhea, hyperantremia
Avoid using liquid suspension form for decanting as it can increase aluminum content of decanted formula
Aluminum can accumulate in CKD
Usually will use 100 mL extra, just to leave cushion for errors in decanting, adjustment of doses
Kayexalate can cause GI distress, especially in infants, if ingested, and can clog tubes - so pour off the consider using a strainer
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