If your student is struggling with language comprehension skills, here are some behaviours to notice:
The student uses the same words over and over again in his writing.
The student expresses that they do not like to read on their own because they don’t understand the words in the book
Unable to retell an event in a way that makes sense.
The student misuses common words.
The student has questions about a lot of word meanings in a grade appropriate text.
The student is not able to make connections among words in various texts.
If your student is struggling with word recognition skills, here are some behaviours to notice:
The student has difficulty matching sounds and letters.
The student has trouble reading and spelling phonetically.
The student gets stuck on words. Decoding is laboured and slow.
The student is struggling with understanding the text becuase their mental energy is spent on figuring out the words
This is not an exhaustive list. Adapted from Reading Rockets
The Reading Rope (illustrated above) is a metaphor that depicts essential reading skills: word recognition and language comprehension. The rope is further broken down, offering substrands of word recognition and language comprehension that are necessary for skilled reading (Scarborough, 2001).
Increase the number of opportunities for listening comprehension activities to help build oral language skills:
Use dialogic reading (see lesson plan above)
Interactive read-alouds (See lesson plan above)
A smaller group/individual instruction will provide multiple opportunities for the child to interact orally. Use dialogic reading and interactive read-alouds to increase vocabulary acquisition, background knowledge and sentence structure.
Provide instruction about the important, useful, and difficult words before students read a text or do an activity.
Explicitly teach the meanings of common prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Offer students many opportunities to encounter target words beyond the context in which they are taught.
Use text sets to build background knowledge
*Strong oral language skills are linked to later reading comprehension proficiency.
This is not an exhaustive list.
These video capsules have specific tips for students with ASD, but they also contain useful tips for all students.
Created by the Center of Excellence for ASD: http://coeasd.lbpsb.qc.ca/pd.htm
Total Length: 11 minutes
Challenges:
Technology 0:00-2:00
Strategy Implementation 2:00-5:00
Student Engagement 5:00-7:00
Redefining Parent Roles 7:00-8:30
Advantages:
8:00-11:00
Total Length: 17 minutes
Different Types of Learners 0:00-2:00
Obtaining Student Information 2:00- 3:00
Creating Channels for Open Communication 3:00-4:00
Collaboration-Teachers and Paraprofessionals 4:00-6:00
Collaborating with Families 6:00-10:00
Fostering the Teacher-Student Relationship 10:00-12:00
Opportunities for Socializing in Remote Learning 12:00-14:00
Student Code of Conduct for Online Learning 14:00-16:00
Optimizing Potential in Online Learning 16:00-17:30
Total Length: 18 minutes
Ministry Guidelines (hours of instruction) 0:00-3:00
Creating a weekly/daily schedule 3:00-10:00
What to avoid 10:00-14:30
Sample Schedule 14:30-18:30
Closed ended activities
Self-Monitoring
Total Length: 14 minutes
Tips for Synchronous Learning
What to do (Practices that are encouraged) 0:00-4:00
What to avoid 4:00-7:00
Sample Daily Schedule and Lesson Structure 7:00-11:00
Tips to Increase Student Engagement 11:00-14:00
Total Length: 8 minutes
Tips for Asynchronous Learning
What to do (Practices that are encouraged) 0:00-3:00
What to Avoid 3:00-6:00
Setting-up a Home Environment for Learning 6:00-6:45
Easy Single-Click Apps or Websites 6:45-8:00
Total Length: 18 minutes
Top 3 Questions 0:00-1:30
Evidence-Based Practices for Students with ASD 1:30-5:00
Visual Schedules 5:00-8:00
First/Then Cards and Choice Boards 8:00-10:00
I am working for...and Choice Boards 10:00-10:30
A.B.C. data sheets 10:30-12:30
Comic Strip Conversations 12:30-13:20
Social Narratives (Social Stories) 13:20-14:45
Live Video Modeling-Social Skills 14:45-16:15
Active Student Responding 16:15-18:00
If a child has difficulty being understood (due to stuttering or poor pronunciation) you may ask the child:
to repeat
to say it using different words
to type it in the chat
to draw it on a whiteboard
to use gestures
If a child is having difficulty understanding verbal instructions:
use captioning
use additional wait time for processing
use rephrasing
Prepare a script for the child "I didn't get it-say it again, please."
Extra energy is required for students to communicate through a screen. Counter screen fatigue by:
Using a visual schedule (to show the times of activities and highlight fun activities and breaks)
Provide movements opportunities (pair review of content with a physical activity)
(ASHA, 2020)
For students with hearing loss, the student's FM system can connect with their laptop. (MOSD 2020)
For students with an augmentative and alternative communication device (AAC device) make sure that they have access to it at home. (ASHA postcard, 2020)