DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
An Encounter with words and actions
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This course introduces some Applied Social Sciences, namely, Counseling, Social Work, and Communication, which draw their foundation from the theories and principles of Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and other Social Sciences. The course highlights the seamless interconnectivity of the different applied social science disciplines while focusing on the processes and applications of these applied disciplines in critical development areas.
COUNSELING
According to the American Counseling Association 2019, counseling is defined as, "a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals." Counseling involves helping people make needed changes in ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving, and is a goal-based collaborative process, involving a non-judgmental, supportive counselor who works with a client in telling his or her story, setting viable goals, and developing strategies and plans necessary to accomplish these goals.
Carl Rogers is an American who coined the term "counseling". He proposed "Personality Theory" which states that humans have two states of identity; the actual and ideal self. The actual self is the people's reality while the ideal self is the identity that people want to be.
Majority of counselors worldwide use Carl Rogers' method of counseling by empowering the clients and the counselors simply assist them.
Frank Parsons developed the idea of matching careers to talents, skills, and personality. He is the founder of "Vocational Guidance Movement" in the combination of "talent-matching approach" which states that occupational decision making occurs when people have achieved three things:
• accurate understanding of their traits (aptitudes, interests, personal abilities).
• knowledge of jobs and the labor market
• rational and objective judgment about the relationship between their traits, and the labor market.
Most counselors have a particular theory, method or school of thought that they embrace, whether it is cognitive behavior therapy, solution-focused therapy, strength-based, holistic health, person-centered, Adlerian or other. Yet all of these approaches and techniques have at least one thing in common — their potential effectiveness is likely to be squelched unless the counselor is successful in building a strong therapeutic alliance with the client. Counselors have to have a good background of Psychology, Anthropology and Linguistics.
Below are the possible clienteles of counseling.
SOCIAL WORK
Social work is a practice-based profession that promotes social change, development, cohesion and the empowerment of people and communities. "
Source: Global Definition of Social Work | International Federation of Social Workers". ifsw.org. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
In our study of Social work, it gave us understanding on how to improve the lives of people in society. Social Workers listen to people's needs, from young children to people struggling with addictions, and help them to cope and improve their quality of life. We connected our knowledge of social work with our subject in Community engagement. Hence, a social worker should have a better knowledge of sociology, anthropology, economics and even political science.
Principles of Social Work
- Respect the different perspectives, behavior, strengths, and even weaknesses of the clients.
- Clients have the final say in every decision that he/she will do. They must be part of the process of decision-making as every decision has an impact to their lives.
- The clients have the right to determine they're needs and how would they want it to be served.
- Practitioners of social work must understand that every clientele are different so they should use different method in assisting them.
- Clients are the people in need and social workers are those people who are willing to help.
- Social workers must keep the information that their clients have shared. No one must know about it unless the client gave permission.
- This means that social workers must be aware with their thoughts, feelings, and responses towards the client, if they are still showing professionalism or they have already reached the limitation.
COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process of sending and receiving information. It is the act of transferring Information from one place, person, or group to another. For us learners to develop effective communication, we have to have substantial knowledge of Linguistics, Psychology, History, Demography and Anthropology.
Source: Harper, Douglas. "communication". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
Methods of Communication
VERBAL
words are used to share information and communicate with other people.
NON-VERBAL
the transmission of information are through the use of hand and eye movements, postures, and gestures.
WRITTEN
any way of communication that uses written words.
AURAL
messages are transmitted through auditory (hearing) sensory system
VISUAL
the sharing of ideas or information through video , animation, images, GIFs, and other visual media
Different Settings of Communication
GOVERNMENT SETTING
GOVERNMENT SETTING
the government is using communication to inform the public about national plans, public services, security situation, opportunities, and to give general direction to people as a nation, in this sense. They usually relied on mass media to disseminate public information and propaganda.
PRIVATE SECTORS SETTING
PRIVATE SECTORS SETTING
business community is using communication to advertise and inform the public individuals, groups, and communities about the available goods and services they are selling.
CIVIL SOCIETY SETTING
CIVIL SOCIETY SETTING
non-government organizations are using communication to perform their different goals and functions. They usually respond to problems affecting the represented sector or issue.
SCHOOL SETTING
SCHOOL SETTING
communication is used by schools to deliver educational goods to the public and engage communities in agenda setting regarding educational goals and mean
COMMUNITY SETTING
COMMUNITY SETTING
all the sectors of the society are using communication to interact with each other and create a union.
MASS MEDIA CHANNEL AND NEW MEDIA
MASS MEDIA CHANNEL AND NEW MEDIA
mass media channels like television, radio, or internet are used in communicating with the people in the whole country
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Telecom uses communication to exchange information over significant distances by electronic means, referring to all types of voice, data and video transmission.
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