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- Equity: The just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper and reach their full potential. Everyone gets what they need, recognizing that each person has a unique experience and starts from a unique place.
- Health equity: means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. This requires removing obstacles to health such as poverty and discrimination, and their consequences, including powerlessness and lack of access to good jobs with fair pay, quality education and housing, safe environments, and health care. (RWJF, 2017)
- Health disparities: Differences in health status and mortality rates across population groups. By itself, disparity does not address the chain of events that produce it.
- Health inequities: Differences in population health status and mortality rates that are systemic, avoidable, unfair, and unjust. These differences follow the larger patterns of inequality that exist in society.
- Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1948)
- Implicit bias: Attitudes or stereotypes that unconsciously affect our understanding, actions, and decisions
- Incidence: Measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease. If, over the course of one year, five women are diagnosed with breast cancer, out of a total female study population of 200 (who do not have breast cancer at the beginning of the study period), then we would say the incidence of breast cancer in this population was 0.025. (or 2,500 per 100,000 women-years of study)
- Institutional bias: Policies, practices, and procedures that work to the benefit of members of the dominant group at the detriment of members of the non-dominant groups.
- Morbidity: Another term for illness. A person can have several co-morbidities simultaneously. So, morbidities can range from Alzheimer's disease to cancer to traumatic brain injury. Morbidities are NOT deaths. Prevalence is a measure often used to determine the level of morbidity in a population.
- Mortality: Another term for death. A mortality rate is the number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population. If there are 25 lung cancer deaths in one year in a population of 30,000, then the mortality rate for that population is 83 per 100,000.
- Oppression: Systemic devaluing, marginalizing, or disadvantaging of certain social identities; when some people are denied something of value while others have ready access.
- Power: The ability to: 1) Direct or influence the behavior or others; 2) Direct or influence a course of events.
- Prevalence: Measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population. So, if a measurement of cancer is taken in a population of 40,000 people and 1,200 were recently diagnosed with cancer and 3,500 are living with cancer, then the prevalence of cancer is 0.118. (or 11,750 per 100,000 persons)
- Privilege: Special right, advantage, immunity granted to a particular person or group.
- Race: A social construct utilized throughout history to assign value and give rights to human beings.
- Racism: a system of advantage based on race that unfairly disadvantages some individuals and communities and undermines the realization of the full potential of the whole society through the waste of human resources.
- Root causes of health inequity: underlying social inequalities that create different living conditions.
- Social determinants of health: Conditions in which people are born, grown, live, work, and age. These conditions are shaped by distribution of power at global, national, and local levels.
- Social Justice: The equitable distribution of social, economic, and political resources, opportunities, and responsibilities and their consequences.
- Structural Racism: A system in which public policies, institutional practices, economic decisions, cultural representations, and other norms work in various, often reinforcing ways, to perpetuate racial group inequity.
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